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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tensor</span></h1>
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<p>Ein <b>Tensor</b> ist eine <a href="Multilineare_Abbildung" title="Multilineare Abbildung">multilineare Abbildung</a>, die eine bestimmte Anzahl von <a href="Vektor" title="Vektor">Vektoren</a> auf einen Vektor abbildet und eine <a href="Universelle_Eigenschaft" title="Universelle Eigenschaft">universelle Eigenschaft</a> erfüllt.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Er ist ein <a href="Mathematisches_Objekt" title="Mathematisches Objekt">mathematisches Objekt</a> aus der <a href="Lineare_Algebra" title="Lineare Algebra">linearen Algebra</a>, das in vielen Bereichen, so auch in der <a href="Differentialgeometrie" title="Differentialgeometrie">Differentialgeometrie</a>, Anwendung findet und den Begriff der <a href="Lineare_Abbildung" title="Lineare Abbildung">linearen Abbildung</a> erweitert. Der Begriff wurde ursprünglich in der <a href="Zustand_(Quantenmechanik)#Zustände_von_zusammengesetzten_Systemen,_Tensorraum" title="Zustand (Quantenmechanik)">Quantenphysik</a> eingeführt und erst später mathematisch präzisiert.
</p><p>In der Differentialgeometrie und den physikalischen Disziplinen werden meist keine Tensoren im Sinn der <a href="Lineare_Algebra" title="Lineare Algebra">linearen Algebra</a> betrachtet, sondern es werden <a href="Tensorfeld" title="Tensorfeld">Tensorfelder</a> behandelt, die oft vereinfachend ebenfalls als Tensoren bezeichnet werden. Ein Tensorfeld ist eine Abbildung, die jedem Punkt des Raums einen Tensor zuordnet. Viele physikalische Feldtheorien handeln von Tensorfeldern. Das prominenteste Beispiel ist die <a href="Allgemeine_Relativit%C3%A4tstheorie" title="Allgemeine Relativitätstheorie">allgemeine Relativitätstheorie</a>. Das mathematische Teilgebiet, das sich mit der Untersuchung von Tensorfeldern befasst, heißt <a href="Tensoranalysis" title="Tensoranalysis">Tensoranalysis</a> und ist ein wichtiges Werkzeug in den physikalischen und ingenieurwissenschaftlichen Disziplinen.
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Begriffsgeschichte">Begriffsgeschichte</h2></div>


<p>Das Wort <i>Tensor</i> (abgeleitet vom Partizip Perfekt von <span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal"><a href="Latein" title="Latein">lateinisch</a></span> <span lang="la-Latn" style="font-style:italic">tendere</span> <span lang="de" style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal">‚spannen‘</span>) wurde in den 1840er Jahren von <a href="William_Rowan_Hamilton" title="William Rowan Hamilton">William Rowan Hamilton</a> in die Mathematik eingeführt; er bezeichnete damit den Absolutbetrag seiner <a href="Quaternion" title="Quaternion">Quaternionen</a>, also keinen Tensor im modernen Sinn. <a href="James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwell</a> scheint den <a href="Spannungstensor" title="Spannungstensor">Spannungstensor</a>, den er aus der <a href="Elastizit%C3%A4tstheorie" title="Elastizitätstheorie">Elastizitätstheorie</a> in die <a href="Elektrodynamik" title="Elektrodynamik">Elektrodynamik</a> übertrug, selbst noch nicht so genannt zu haben.
</p><p>In seiner modernen Bedeutung, als Verallgemeinerung von <a href="Skalar_(Mathematik)" title="Skalar (Mathematik)">Skalar</a>, <a href="Vektor" title="Vektor">Vektor</a>, <a href="Matrix_(Mathematik)" title="Matrix (Mathematik)">Matrix</a>, wird das Wort <i>Tensor</i> erstmals von <a href="Woldemar_Voigt_(Physiker)" title="Woldemar Voigt (Physiker)">Woldemar Voigt</a> in seinem Buch <i>Die fundamentalen physikalischen Eigenschaften der Krystalle in elementarer Darstellung</i> (Leipzig, 1898) eingeführt.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Unter dem Titel <i>absolute Differentialgeometrie</i> entwickelten <a href="Gregorio_Ricci-Curbastro" title="Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro">Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro</a> und dessen Schüler <a href="Tullio_Levi-Civita" title="Tullio Levi-Civita">Tullio Levi-Civita</a> um 1890 die Tensorrechnung auf <a href="Riemannsche_Mannigfaltigkeit" title="Riemannsche Mannigfaltigkeit">riemannschen Mannigfaltigkeiten</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Einem größeren Fachpublikum machten sie ihre Ergebnisse 1900 mit dem Buch <i>Calcolo differenziale assoluto</i> zugänglich, aus dem sich <a href="Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> die mathematischen Grundlagen aneignete, die er zur Formulierung der <a href="Allgemeine_Relativit%C3%A4tstheorie" title="Allgemeine Relativitätstheorie">allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie</a> benötigte. Einstein selbst prägte 1916 den Begriff <i>Tensoranalysis</i> und trug mit seiner Theorie maßgeblich dazu bei, den Tensorkalkül bekannt zu machen; er führte überdies die <a href="Einsteinsche_Summenkonvention" title="Einsteinsche Summenkonvention">einsteinsche Summenkonvention</a> ein, nach der über doppelt auftretende Indizes unter Weglassung der Summenzeichen summiert wird.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arten_von_Tensoren">Arten von Tensoren</h2></div>

<p>Ausgehend von einem endlichdimensionalen Vektorraum bezeichnet man <a href="Skalar_(Mathematik)" title="Skalar (Mathematik)">Skalare</a> als Tensoren vom Typ <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (0,0)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
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<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (0,0)}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5d630d3e781a53b0a3559ae7e5b45f9479a3141a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.168ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (0,0)}" loading="lazy"></span>, Spaltenvektoren als Tensoren vom Typ <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (1,0)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (1,0)}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5b53cc1773694affcc1d4d6c2c778d43156a1206.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.168ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (1,0)}" loading="lazy"></span> und <a href="Kovektor" class="mw-redirect" title="Kovektor">Kovektoren</a> (bzw. Zeilenvektoren) als Tensoren vom Typ <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (0,1)}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
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<mo>,</mo>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (0,1)}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c79c6838e423c1ed3c7ea532a56dc9f9dae8290b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.168ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (0,1)}" loading="lazy"></span>. Tensoren höherer Stufe definiert man als <a href="Multilineare_Abbildung" title="Multilineare Abbildung">multilineare Abbildungen</a> mit Tensoren geringerer Stufe als Argumenten und Abbildungswerten. So kann etwa ein Tensor vom Typ <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (1,1)}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
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<mo>,</mo>
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</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (1,1)}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2c2a42feb07f4139bf871ae6856b11d4567bea23.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.168ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (1,1)}" loading="lazy"></span> als lineare Abbildung zwischen Vektorräumen oder als <a href="Bilineare_Abbildung" title="Bilineare Abbildung">bilineare Abbildung</a> mit einem Vektor und einem Kovektor als Argumente aufgefasst werden.
</p><p>Beispielsweise ist der mechanische <a href="Spannungstensor" title="Spannungstensor">Spannungstensor</a> in der Physik ein Tensor zweiter Stufe&nbsp;– eine Zahl (Stärke der <a href="Spannung_(Mechanik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spannung (Mechanik)">Spannung</a>) oder ein Vektor (eine <a href="Hauptspannungsrichtung" class="mw-redirect" title="Hauptspannungsrichtung">Hauptspannungsrichtung</a>) reichen nicht immer zur Beschreibung des Spannungszustandes eines <a href="K%C3%B6rper_(Physik)" title="Körper (Physik)">Körpers</a> aus. Als Tensor vom Typ <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (0,2)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (0,2)}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/32ba2704e55769d5190aaa9493a088b7df8e3996.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.168ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (0,2)}" loading="lazy"></span> aufgefasst ist er eine lineare Abbildung, die einem Flächenelement (als Vektor) die darauf wirkende Kraft (als Kovektor) zuordnet, oder eine bilineare Abbildung, die einem Flächenelement und einem Verschiebungsvektor die Arbeit zuordnet, die bei der Verschiebung des Flächenstücks unter dem Einfluss der wirkenden Spannung verrichtet wird.
</p><p>Bezüglich einer fest gewählten <a href="Basis_(Vektorraum)" title="Basis (Vektorraum)">Vektorraumbasis</a> erhält man die folgenden Darstellungen der verschiedenen Typen von Tensoren:
</p>
<ul><li>Ein Skalar durch eine einzelne Zahl</li>
<li>Ein Vektor durch einen Spaltenvektor</li>
<li>Ein Kovektor durch einen Zeilenvektor</li>
<li>Ein Tensor zweiter Stufe durch eine Matrix</li></ul>
<p>Die Anwendung des Spannungstensors auf ein Flächenelement ist dann z.&nbsp;B. durch das Produkt einer Matrix mit einem Spaltenvektor gegeben. Die Koordinaten von Tensoren höherer Stufe können entsprechend in ein höherdimensionales Schema angeordnet werden. So können diese Komponenten eines Tensors anders als die eines Spaltenvektors oder einer Matrix mehr als ein oder zwei Indizes haben. Ein Beispiel für einen Tensor dritter Stufe, der drei Vektoren des <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{3}}">
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<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{3}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f936ddf584f8f3dd2a0ed08917001b7a404c10b5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.732ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{3}}" loading="lazy"></span> als Argumente hat, ist die Determinante einer 3×3-Matrix als Funktion der Spalten dieser Matrix. Bezüglich einer <a href="Orthonormalbasis" title="Orthonormalbasis">Orthonormalbasis</a> wird er durch das <a href="Levi-Civita-Symbol" title="Levi-Civita-Symbol">Levi-Civita-Symbol</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{ijk}}">
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<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>ε<!-- ε --></mi>
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<mi>i</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
<mi>k</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{ijk}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/21525193117bdfc0f3ac71b8ec46e3b6d0637daf.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.417ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{ijk}}" loading="lazy"></span> repräsentiert.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ko-_und_Kontravarianz_von_Vektoren">Ko- und Kontravarianz von Vektoren</h2></div>
<div class="hauptartikel" role="navigation"><span class="hauptartikel-pfeil" title="siehe" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation">→&nbsp;</span><i><span class="hauptartikel-text">Hauptartikel</span>: <a href="Kovarianz_(Physik)" title="Kovarianz (Physik)">Kovarianz (Physik)</a> und <a href="Kontravarianz_(Physik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kontravarianz (Physik)">Kontravarianz (Physik)</a></i></div>
<p>Die Begriffe <i>ko-</i> und <i>kontravariant</i> beziehen sich auf die <a href="Koordinatendarstellung" class="mw-redirect" title="Koordinatendarstellung">Koordinatendarstellungen</a> von Vektoren, <a href="Linearform" title="Linearform">Linearformen</a> und werden auch, wie später im Artikel beschrieben, auf Tensoren angewandt. Sie beschreiben, wie sich solche Koordinatendarstellungen bezüglich eines Basiswechsels im zugrundeliegenden Vektorraum verhalten.
</p><p>Legt man in einem <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}">
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<mi>n</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}" loading="lazy"></span>-dimensionalen Vektorraum <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V}">
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/af0f6064540e84211d0ffe4dac72098adfa52845.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.787ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V}" loading="lazy"></span> eine Basis <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (e_{1},\dotsc ,e_{n})}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (e_{1},\dotsc ,e_{n})}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c86f0e9d307139bf54d0a2b969bd2950bf7cf595.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.427ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (e_{1},\dotsc ,e_{n})}" loading="lazy"></span> fest, so kann jeder Vektor <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v\in V}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>v</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>V</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v\in V}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/99886ebbde63daa0224fb9bf56fa11b3c8a6f4fb.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.756ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v\in V}" loading="lazy"></span> dieses Raumes durch ein eindeutiges Zahlentupel <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (x^{1},\dotsc ,x^{n})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (x^{1},\dotsc ,x^{n})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d2d8143fed9010b84f0a51bc4bd6c93036ea2605.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.92ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (x^{1},\dotsc ,x^{n})}" loading="lazy"></span> –&nbsp;seine Koordinaten&nbsp;– mittels <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \textstyle v=\sum _{k}e_{k}\,x^{k}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>v</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<munder>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</munder>
<msub>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \textstyle v=\sum _{k}e_{k}\,x^{k}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f22ab4c4501e72247d3989016aed5fd435e4b11c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:13.133ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \textstyle v=\sum _{k}e_{k}\,x^{k}}" loading="lazy"></span> dargestellt werden. Legt man der Koordinatendarstellung eine andere Basis von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>V</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/af0f6064540e84211d0ffe4dac72098adfa52845.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.787ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V}" loading="lazy"></span> zugrunde, so werden sich die Koordinaten (ein und desselben Vektors) bezüglich dieser neuen Basis ändern. Der Übergang zu einer anderen Basis bedingt also eine Transformation der Koordinatendarstellung. Dabei gilt: Ist die neue Basis durch <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \textstyle e'_{j}=\sum _{k}e_{k}\,A^{k}{}_{j}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>′</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo>=</mo>
<munder>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</munder>
<msub>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msup>
<mi>A</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">

</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \textstyle e'_{j}=\sum _{k}e_{k}\,A^{k}{}_{j}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b0cdeebd3b90709357c53c04255f36de7a0c0165.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:15.322ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \textstyle e'_{j}=\sum _{k}e_{k}\,A^{k}{}_{j}}" loading="lazy"></span> in der alten Basis bestimmt, so ergeben sich die neuen Koordinaten durch Vergleich in
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v=\sum _{k}e_{k}\,x^{k}=\sum _{j}e'_{j}\,x'^{j}=\sum _{j,k}e_{k}\,A^{k}{}_{j}\,x'^{j},}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>v</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<munder>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</munder>
<msub>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<munder>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</munder>
<msubsup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>′</mo>
</msubsup>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow>
<mo class="MJX-variant">′</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<munder>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</munder>
<msub>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msup>
<mi>A</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">

</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow>
<mo class="MJX-variant">′</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v=\sum _{k}e_{k}\,x^{k}=\sum _{j}e'_{j}\,x'^{j}=\sum _{j,k}e_{k}\,A^{k}{}_{j}\,x'^{j},}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/890d092be2944514c3e037cb4eac5c3d2cfdf76b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.338ex; width:41.726ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v=\sum _{k}e_{k}\,x^{k}=\sum _{j}e'_{j}\,x'^{j}=\sum _{j,k}e_{k}\,A^{k}{}_{j}\,x'^{j},}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>also:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}x^{k}&amp;=\sum _{j}A^{k}{}_{j}\,x'^{j}\\x'\,^{j}&amp;=\sum _{k}(A^{-1})^{j}{}_{k}\,x^{k}\end{aligned}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<munder>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</munder>
<msup>
<mi>A</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">

</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow>
<mo class="MJX-variant">′</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<msup>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<munder>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msup>
<mi>A</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">

</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}x^{k}&amp;=\sum _{j}A^{k}{}_{j}\,x'^{j}\\x'\,^{j}&amp;=\sum _{k}(A^{-1})^{j}{}_{k}\,x^{k}\end{aligned}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2884b759bc4c413e1c5d622bdc574ccf812c93d2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -5.171ex; width:21.205ex; height:11.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}x^{k}&amp;=\sum _{j}A^{k}{}_{j}\,x'^{j}\\x'\,^{j}&amp;=\sum _{k}(A^{-1})^{j}{}_{k}\,x^{k}\end{aligned}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Dreht man zum Beispiel eine <a href="Orthonormalbasis" title="Orthonormalbasis">orthogonale Basis</a> in einem dreidimensionalen euklidischen Raum <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>V</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/af0f6064540e84211d0ffe4dac72098adfa52845.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.787ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V}" loading="lazy"></span> um <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 30^{\circ }}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mn>30</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∘<!-- ∘ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 30^{\circ }}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/42f29df9c101d2a8dae3f1552342cfe4c3adb76c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.379ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 30^{\circ }}" loading="lazy"></span> um die <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle z}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>z</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle z}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bf368e72c009decd9b6686ee84a375632e11de98.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.088ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle z}" loading="lazy"></span>-Achse, so drehen sich die Koordinatenvektoren im <a href="Koordinatenraum" title="Koordinatenraum">Koordinatenraum</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{3}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{3}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f936ddf584f8f3dd2a0ed08917001b7a404c10b5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.732ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{3}}" loading="lazy"></span> ebenfalls um die <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle z}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>z</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle z}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bf368e72c009decd9b6686ee84a375632e11de98.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.088ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle z}" loading="lazy"></span>-Achse, aber in der entgegengesetzten Richtung, also um <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle -30^{\circ }}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mn>30</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∘<!-- ∘ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle -30^{\circ }}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c1bed524391947bc1edee23bd8145bdb68d93eb0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:5.187ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle -30^{\circ }}" loading="lazy"></span>. Dieses der Basistransformation entgegengesetzte Transformationsverhalten nennt man <i>kontravariant.</i> Oft werden Vektoren zur Abkürzung der Notation mit ihren Koordinatenvektoren identifiziert, sodass Vektoren allgemein als kontravariant bezeichnet werden.
</p><p>Eine Linearform oder ein <i>Kovektor</i> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha \in V^{*}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha \in V^{*}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e44d232ea0e7b678175eb7ed87e8106e907ea815.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.299ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha \in V^{*}}" loading="lazy"></span> ist dagegen eine skalarwertige lineare Abbildung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha \colon V\to \mathbb {K} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">K</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha \colon V\to \mathbb {K} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d8ca623608457efd14ff50b7e761b2d04b249df4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:9.731ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha \colon V\to \mathbb {K} }" loading="lazy"></span> auf dem Vektorraum. Man kann ihr als Koordinaten ihre Werte auf den Basisvektoren, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha _{k}=\alpha (e_{k})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha _{k}=\alpha (e_{k})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/57deac9e2a32d50c4ea8945855bbe5c1c5834c57.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.144ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha _{k}=\alpha (e_{k})}" loading="lazy"></span>, zuordnen. Die Koordinatenvektoren einer Linearform transformieren sich wie das Basistupel als
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha '_{j}=\alpha (e'_{j})=\sum _{k}\alpha (e_{k}\,A^{k}{}_{j})=\sum _{k}\alpha _{k}\,A^{k}{}_{j},}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>′</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>′</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<munder>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msup>
<mi>A</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">

</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<munder>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</munder>
<msub>
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msup>
<mi>A</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">

</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha '_{j}=\alpha (e'_{j})=\sum _{k}\alpha (e_{k}\,A^{k}{}_{j})=\sum _{k}\alpha _{k}\,A^{k}{}_{j},}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4a0d2567f290ef57051ec517437fdabffadd5743.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:41.417ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha '_{j}=\alpha (e'_{j})=\sum _{k}\alpha (e_{k}\,A^{k}{}_{j})=\sum _{k}\alpha _{k}\,A^{k}{}_{j},}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>weshalb man dieses Transformationsverhalten <i>kovariant</i> nennt. Identifiziert man wieder Linearformen mit ihren Koordinatenvektoren, so bezeichnet man auch allgemein Linearformen als kovariant. Hierbei geht, wie bei Vektoren, die zugrundeliegende Basis aus dem Kontext hervor. Man spricht in diesem Kontext auch von Dualvektoren.
</p><p>Diese Bezeichnungen werden auf Tensoren übertragen. Dies wird im nächsten Abschnitt zur Definition der <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (r,s)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (r,s)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2f3e3778daed31bfa6149169529acb5d9fcc8b49.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.982ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (r,s)}" loading="lazy"></span>-Tensoren erklärt.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="(r,s)-Tensorraum"><span id=".28r.2Cs.29-Tensorraum"></span>(<i>r</i>,<i>s</i>)-Tensorraum</h3></div>
<p>Im Folgenden sind alle Vektorräume endlichdimensional über dem Körper <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>K</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2b76fce82a62ed5461908f0dc8f037de4e3686b0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.066ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K}" loading="lazy"></span>. Mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L(E;K)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>L</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo>;</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L(E;K)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a308e0d9139737961baf29c8d8673a1d3e2bf9a8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.268ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L(E;K)}" loading="lazy"></span> bezeichne man die Menge aller <a href="Linearform" title="Linearform">Linearformen</a> aus dem <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>K</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2b76fce82a62ed5461908f0dc8f037de4e3686b0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.066ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K}" loading="lazy"></span>-Vektorraum <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4232c9de2ee3eec0a9c0a19b15ab92daa6223f9b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.776ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E}" loading="lazy"></span> in den <a href="K%C3%B6rper_(Algebra)" title="Körper (Algebra)">Körper</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>K</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2b76fce82a62ed5461908f0dc8f037de4e3686b0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.066ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K}" loading="lazy"></span> und –&nbsp;allgemeiner&nbsp;– mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L(E_{1};E_{2})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>L</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>;</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L(E_{1};E_{2})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/54b87f377773e9bc4626a5545ec49d25f9ea88bb.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.965ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L(E_{1};E_{2})}" loading="lazy"></span> die Menge aller <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>K</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2b76fce82a62ed5461908f0dc8f037de4e3686b0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.066ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K}" loading="lazy"></span>-linearen Abbildungen eines <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>K</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2b76fce82a62ed5461908f0dc8f037de4e3686b0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.066ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K}" loading="lazy"></span>-Vektorraums <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7ac42446bcd2cbb76ec8fe2895635d328da22e26.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.769ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{1}}" loading="lazy"></span> in einen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>K</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2b76fce82a62ed5461908f0dc8f037de4e3686b0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.066ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K}" loading="lazy"></span>-Vektorraum <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8e6ee346e54f38302f47b5cf3016d8718f2040c0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.769ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{2}}" loading="lazy"></span>. Sind <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{1},\dotsc ,E_{k}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{1},\dotsc ,E_{k}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ecf3edab048cd695230e2ed1bca57431300a7eaf.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:10.752ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{1},\dotsc ,E_{k}}" loading="lazy"></span> Vektorräume über <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>K</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2b76fce82a62ed5461908f0dc8f037de4e3686b0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.066ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K}" loading="lazy"></span>, so werde der Vektorraum der <a href="Multilinearform" title="Multilinearform">Multilinearformen</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{1}\times E_{2}\times \dotsb \times E_{k}\to K}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mi>K</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{1}\times E_{2}\times \dotsb \times E_{k}\to K}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e0edc48958cd7fec89d394fec2ef7c97cb8f1268.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:25.267ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{1}\times E_{2}\times \dotsb \times E_{k}\to K}" loading="lazy"></span> mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L^{k}(E_{1},E_{2},\dotsc ,E_{k};K)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>L</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>;</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L^{k}(E_{1},E_{2},\dotsc ,E_{k};K)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/209981b1d40427a6ba3187e90b462fcbf9696b8c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:22.136ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L^{k}(E_{1},E_{2},\dotsc ,E_{k};K)}" loading="lazy"></span> bezeichnet. Entsprechend bezeichne <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L^{k}(E_{1},E_{2},\dotsc ,E_{k};E)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>L</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>;</mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L^{k}(E_{1},E_{2},\dotsc ,E_{k};E)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/13aa72ef817b35b85400eb3d52467072752cfa87.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:21.845ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L^{k}(E_{1},E_{2},\dotsc ,E_{k};E)}" loading="lazy"></span> die Menge aller <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>K</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2b76fce82a62ed5461908f0dc8f037de4e3686b0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.066ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K}" loading="lazy"></span>-<a href="Multilineare_Abbildung" title="Multilineare Abbildung">multilinearen Abbildungen</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{1}\times E_{2}\times \dotsb \times E_{k}\to E}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mi>E</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{1}\times E_{2}\times \dotsb \times E_{k}\to E}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cfefe11c44b04c18c46ee3ce740091c6ccb66757.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:24.977ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{1}\times E_{2}\times \dotsb \times E_{k}\to E}" loading="lazy"></span>, hier speziell der <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3c9a2c7b599b37105512c5d570edc034056dd40.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.211ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k}" loading="lazy"></span>-fach <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>K</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2b76fce82a62ed5461908f0dc8f037de4e3686b0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.066ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K}" loading="lazy"></span>-linearen Abbildungen. Im Falle von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E=K}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E=K}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8e98d36ebed0425bd7ecfc180ef5fdec05b32562.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.94ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E=K}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k=2}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k=2}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0bd301789e1f25a3da4be297ff637754ebee5f5d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.472ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k=2}" loading="lazy"></span> handelt es sich um <a href="Bilinearform" title="Bilinearform">Bilinearformen</a>.
</p><p>Ist <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4232c9de2ee3eec0a9c0a19b15ab92daa6223f9b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.776ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E}" loading="lazy"></span> ein <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>K</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2b76fce82a62ed5461908f0dc8f037de4e3686b0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.066ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K}" loading="lazy"></span>-<a href="Vektorraum" title="Vektorraum">Vektorraum</a>, so wird mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E^{*}:=L(E;K)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>:=</mo>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo>;</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E^{*}:=L(E;K)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/042d33cb156556b487f19672d2d853b6563e2f36.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:14.861ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E^{*}:=L(E;K)}" loading="lazy"></span> sein <a href="Dualraum" title="Dualraum">Dualraum</a> bezeichnet. Dann existieren (gemäß <a href="#Die_universelle_Eigenschaft_für_das_Tensorprodukt_zweier_Faktoren">der universellen Eigenschaft</a>) <a href="Tensorprodukt#Natürliche_Homomorphismen" title="Tensorprodukt">kanonische Isomorphismen</a>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L^{k}(E_{1},E_{2},\dotsc ,E_{k};K)\cong (E_{1}\otimes E_{2}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E_{k})^{*}\cong E_{1}^{*}\otimes E_{2}^{*}\otimes \dotsb \otimes E_{k}^{*}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>L</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>;</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≅<!-- ≅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>≅<!-- ≅ --></mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L^{k}(E_{1},E_{2},\dotsc ,E_{k};K)\cong (E_{1}\otimes E_{2}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E_{k})^{*}\cong E_{1}^{*}\otimes E_{2}^{*}\otimes \dotsb \otimes E_{k}^{*}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d3aedbdb5dcc4c6d357ce984c781920c4a63febc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:70.572ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L^{k}(E_{1},E_{2},\dotsc ,E_{k};K)\cong (E_{1}\otimes E_{2}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E_{k})^{*}\cong E_{1}^{*}\otimes E_{2}^{*}\otimes \dotsb \otimes E_{k}^{*}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>und allgemeiner
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L^{k}(E_{1},E_{2},\dotsc ,E_{k};E)\cong L(E_{1}\otimes E_{2}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E_{k};E).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>L</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>;</mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≅<!-- ≅ --></mo>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>;</mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L^{k}(E_{1},E_{2},\dotsc ,E_{k};E)\cong L(E_{1}\otimes E_{2}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E_{k};E).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/489e3130f8ddc72824b63de3f7b9ae0df5f47b76.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:51.38ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L^{k}(E_{1},E_{2},\dotsc ,E_{k};E)\cong L(E_{1}\otimes E_{2}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E_{k};E).}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Der kanonischen Isomorphie <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E\cong E^{**}=L(E^{*};K)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
<mo>≅<!-- ≅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>;</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E\cong E^{**}=L(E^{*};K)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2175ddd823989652e5b075fd5270bbcab5a456de.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:20.983ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E\cong E^{**}=L(E^{*};K)}" loading="lazy"></span> eines Vektorraums <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4232c9de2ee3eec0a9c0a19b15ab92daa6223f9b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.776ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E}" loading="lazy"></span> mit seinem <a href="Bidualraum" class="mw-redirect" title="Bidualraum">Bidualraum</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E^{**}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E^{**}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b6e39c8cb11809efca5827ed641233163d764099.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.67ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E^{**}}" loading="lazy"></span> wegen folgt (durch Ersetzen von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{i}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{i}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8ba9f6e3041b052cf13a0ede4ecf35fb4c9cd16c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.515ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{i}}" loading="lazy"></span> durch <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{i}^{*}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{i}^{*}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/46118ba5027976a1330a5c3825a00b89ba0b08c0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.848ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{i}^{*}}" loading="lazy"></span> und mithin von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{i}^{*}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{i}^{*}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/46118ba5027976a1330a5c3825a00b89ba0b08c0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.848ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{i}^{*}}" loading="lazy"></span> durch <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{i}^{**}=E_{i}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{i}^{**}=E_{i}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7aadec5ce4f321a470925ca4bad129e8ce7f55ec.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:9.283ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{i}^{**}=E_{i}}" loading="lazy"></span>), dass <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L^{k}(E_{1}^{*},E_{2}^{*},\dotsc ,E_{k}^{*};K)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>L</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>,</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>;</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L^{k}(E_{1}^{*},E_{2}^{*},\dotsc ,E_{k}^{*};K)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/31bbbbd074cc0491273fd0f00e551be2cce01ed9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:22.337ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L^{k}(E_{1}^{*},E_{2}^{*},\dotsc ,E_{k}^{*};K)}" loading="lazy"></span> zum <a href="Tensorprodukt" title="Tensorprodukt">Tensorprodukt</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{1}\otimes E_{2}\otimes \dotsb \otimes E_{k}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
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<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{1}\otimes E_{2}\otimes \dotsb \otimes E_{k}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9741f9fae59c398d703bea5148d41c2070736a77.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:19.587ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{1}\otimes E_{2}\otimes \dotsb \otimes E_{k}}" loading="lazy"></span> isomorph ist. (Zur Realisierung des Tensorproduktraums als Raum von Multilinearformen sowie zur kanonischen Identifizierung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (E_{1}\otimes E_{2}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E_{k})^{*}\cong E_{1}^{*}\otimes E_{2}^{*}\otimes \dotsb \otimes E_{k}^{*}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
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</msub>
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</msub>
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<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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<msubsup>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<msubsup>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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</mstyle>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (E_{1}\otimes E_{2}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E_{k})^{*}\cong E_{1}^{*}\otimes E_{2}^{*}\otimes \dotsb \otimes E_{k}^{*}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bdb4c4068946d354644a63e32015a4975ab2678c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:45.338ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (E_{1}\otimes E_{2}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E_{k})^{*}\cong E_{1}^{*}\otimes E_{2}^{*}\otimes \dotsb \otimes E_{k}^{*}}" loading="lazy"></span>, die in diesem Abschnitt noch häufiger genutzt wird, siehe die Abschnitte über die <a href="#Die_universelle_Eigenschaft_für_das_Tensorprodukt_zweier_Faktoren">universelle Eigenschaft</a> und über <a href="#Erweiterung_auf_mehrere_Faktoren:_Universelle_Eigenschaft_für_mehrfache_Tensorprodukte_und_Multilinearformen">Tensorprodukte und Multilinearformen</a>.)
</p><p>Es gibt <a href="Tensorprodukt#Natürliche_Homomorphismen" title="Tensorprodukt">natürliche Isomorphismen</a> der folgenden Art:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}L^{k}(E_{1},E_{2},\dotsc ,E_{k};K)&amp;\cong L^{m}(E_{1},\dotsc ,E_{m};E_{m+1}^{*}\otimes \dotsb \otimes E_{k}^{*})\\&amp;\cong L(E_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes E_{m};E_{m+1}^{*}\otimes \dotsb \otimes E_{k}^{*})\end{aligned}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msup>
<mi>L</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
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<msub>
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<mi>k</mi>
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</msub>
<mo>;</mo>
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<mi></mi>
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<msup>
<mi>L</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mi>m</mi>
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</msubsup>
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<mtr>
<mtd></mtd>
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<mi>m</mi>
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</mrow>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}L^{k}(E_{1},E_{2},\dotsc ,E_{k};K)&amp;\cong L^{m}(E_{1},\dotsc ,E_{m};E_{m+1}^{*}\otimes \dotsb \otimes E_{k}^{*})\\&amp;\cong L(E_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes E_{m};E_{m+1}^{*}\otimes \dotsb \otimes E_{k}^{*})\end{aligned}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8474a7f397c08a3161fb08c71d78406af1b7094e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex; width:61.719ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}L^{k}(E_{1},E_{2},\dotsc ,E_{k};K)&amp;\cong L^{m}(E_{1},\dotsc ,E_{m};E_{m+1}^{*}\otimes \dotsb \otimes E_{k}^{*})\\&amp;\cong L(E_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes E_{m};E_{m+1}^{*}\otimes \dotsb \otimes E_{k}^{*})\end{aligned}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Diesen natürlichen Isomorphismen liegen die Zurückführung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}" loading="lazy"></span>-fach-linearer Abbildungen auf <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (n-1)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (n-1)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/df88c6333caaf6471cf277f24b802ff9931b133e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.207ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (n-1)}" loading="lazy"></span>-fach-lineare Abbildungen (vgl. <a href="Currying" title="Currying">Currying</a> oder <a href="Sch%C3%B6nfinkeln" class="mw-redirect" title="Schönfinkeln">Schönfinkeln</a>) einerseits und die <a href="#Die_universelle_Eigenschaft_für_das_Tensorprodukt_zweier_Faktoren">universelle Eigenschaft</a> des <a href="Tensorprodukt" title="Tensorprodukt">Tensorprodukts</a> andererseits –&nbsp;mehrfach angewandt&nbsp;– zugrunde:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}L^{k}(E_{1},\dotsc ,E_{k};E)&amp;\cong L^{k-1}(E_{1},\dotsc ,E_{k-1};L(E_{k};E))\\&amp;\cong L^{k-2}(E_{1},\dotsc ,E_{k-2};L(E_{k-1};L(E_{k};E)))\\&amp;\cong L^{k-2}(E_{1},\dotsc ,E_{k-2};L^{2}(E_{k-1},E_{k};E))\\&amp;\cong L(E_{1}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E_{k-2};L(E_{k-1}\otimes E_{k};E))\\&amp;\;\;\vdots \qquad \cdots \;\cdots \;\cdots \\&amp;\cong L(E_{1}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E_{m};L(E_{m+1}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E_{k};E)){\text{ für }}0\leq m\leq k\\\end{aligned}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true">
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<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>≅<!-- ≅ --></mo>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>;</mo>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>;</mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>⋮<!-- ⋮ --></mo>
<mspace width="2em"></mspace>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>≅<!-- ≅ --></mo>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>;</mo>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>;</mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>&nbsp;für&nbsp;</mtext>
</mrow>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>k</mi>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}L^{k}(E_{1},\dotsc ,E_{k};E)&amp;\cong L^{k-1}(E_{1},\dotsc ,E_{k-1};L(E_{k};E))\\&amp;\cong L^{k-2}(E_{1},\dotsc ,E_{k-2};L(E_{k-1};L(E_{k};E)))\\&amp;\cong L^{k-2}(E_{1},\dotsc ,E_{k-2};L^{2}(E_{k-1},E_{k};E))\\&amp;\cong L(E_{1}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E_{k-2};L(E_{k-1}\otimes E_{k};E))\\&amp;\;\;\vdots \qquad \cdots \;\cdots \;\cdots \\&amp;\cong L(E_{1}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E_{m};L(E_{m+1}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E_{k};E)){\text{ für }}0\leq m\leq k\\\end{aligned}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1b6e00dde11e58d773101d1498070dabb3ebf9b5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -9.65ex; margin-bottom: -0.188ex; width:78.595ex; height:20.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}L^{k}(E_{1},\dotsc ,E_{k};E)&amp;\cong L^{k-1}(E_{1},\dotsc ,E_{k-1};L(E_{k};E))\\&amp;\cong L^{k-2}(E_{1},\dotsc ,E_{k-2};L(E_{k-1};L(E_{k};E)))\\&amp;\cong L^{k-2}(E_{1},\dotsc ,E_{k-2};L^{2}(E_{k-1},E_{k};E))\\&amp;\cong L(E_{1}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E_{k-2};L(E_{k-1}\otimes E_{k};E))\\&amp;\;\;\vdots \qquad \cdots \;\cdots \;\cdots \\&amp;\cong L(E_{1}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E_{m};L(E_{m+1}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E_{k};E)){\text{ für }}0\leq m\leq k\\\end{aligned}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Speziell für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E=K}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E=K}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8e98d36ebed0425bd7ecfc180ef5fdec05b32562.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.94ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E=K}" loading="lazy"></span> besteht also der oben behauptete natürliche Isomorphismus
<span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-block"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}L^{k}(E_{1},\dotsc ,E_{k};K)&amp;{\stackrel {\sim }{\longrightarrow }}&amp;L(E_{1}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E_{m};E_{m+1}^{*}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E_{k}^{*})\\\lambda &amp;\longmapsto &amp;\left[\lambda _{(1,\dotsc ,m)}\colon v_{1}\otimes \dotsc \otimes v_{m}\mapsto \lambda _{(v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{m})}\in (E_{m+1}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E_{k})^{*}\right]{\text{ ,}}\\&amp;&amp;{\text{wobei }}\left[\lambda _{(v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{m})}\colon (v_{m+1}\otimes \dotsc \otimes v_{k})\mapsto \lambda (v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{k})\right]\\\end{matrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msup>
<mi>L</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>;</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits">
<mo stretchy="false">⟶<!-- ⟶ --></mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∼<!-- ∼ --></mo>
</mrow>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>;</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo stretchy="false">⟼<!-- ⟼ --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<mo>[</mo>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">↦<!-- ↦ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mo>]</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>&nbsp;,</mtext>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>wobei&nbsp;</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>[</mo>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">↦<!-- ↦ --></mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>]</mo>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}L^{k}(E_{1},\dotsc ,E_{k};K)&amp;{\stackrel {\sim }{\longrightarrow }}&amp;L(E_{1}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E_{m};E_{m+1}^{*}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E_{k}^{*})\\\lambda &amp;\longmapsto &amp;\left[\lambda _{(1,\dotsc ,m)}\colon v_{1}\otimes \dotsc \otimes v_{m}\mapsto \lambda _{(v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{m})}\in (E_{m+1}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E_{k})^{*}\right]{\text{ ,}}\\&amp;&amp;{\text{wobei }}\left[\lambda _{(v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{m})}\colon (v_{m+1}\otimes \dotsc \otimes v_{k})\mapsto \lambda (v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{k})\right]\\\end{matrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span></span>
und für die Linearform <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda _{(1,\dotsc ,m)}\in (E_{m+1}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E_{k})^{*}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda _{(1,\dotsc ,m)}\in (E_{m+1}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E_{k})^{*}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7d1fd3419d35e7a2408cd99b9c65ae439f91716c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:30.375ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda _{(1,\dotsc ,m)}\in (E_{m+1}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E_{k})^{*}}" loading="lazy"></span> die Identifikation <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (E_{m+1}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E_{k})^{*}\cong E_{m+1}^{*}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E_{k}^{*}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>≅<!-- ≅ --></mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (E_{m+1}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E_{k})^{*}\cong E_{m+1}^{*}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E_{k}^{*}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7ea2a758d522930a401a661bff001af4950bf531.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:39.404ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (E_{m+1}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E_{k})^{*}\cong E_{m+1}^{*}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E_{k}^{*}}" loading="lazy"></span> vorgenommen wird. Es genügt hierbei, die Abbildungen auf den <a href="Tensorprodukt#Elementare_Tensoren" title="Tensorprodukt">elementaren Tensoren</a> (siehe auch Abschnitt <a href="#Tensor_als_Element_des_Tensorproduktes">Tensor als Element des Tensorproduktes</a>) als einem <a href="Erzeugendensystem" title="Erzeugendensystem">Erzeugendensystem</a> über dem Grundkörper <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>K</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2b76fce82a62ed5461908f0dc8f037de4e3686b0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.066ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K}" loading="lazy"></span> festzulegen. Zu ergänzen ist noch, dass in den Fällen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m=0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m=0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e57f21007575fd03e3be0da20af34d25829cc9a7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.301ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m=0}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m=k}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m=k}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/285c715af524cd41defae0e6670e890d71bfa075.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.35ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m=k}" loading="lazy"></span> das leere Tensorprodukt entsteht, das mit dem Grundkörper <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>K</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2b76fce82a62ed5461908f0dc8f037de4e3686b0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.066ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K}" loading="lazy"></span> zu identifizieren ist. Insbesondere besteht also für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>K</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2b76fce82a62ed5461908f0dc8f037de4e3686b0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.066ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K}" loading="lazy"></span>-Vektorräume <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>V</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/af0f6064540e84211d0ffe4dac72098adfa52845.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.787ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle W}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>W</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle W}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/54a9c4c547f4d6111f81946cad242b18298d70b7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.435ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle W}" loading="lazy"></span> die Identifikation
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}L(V;W)&amp;{\stackrel {\sim }{\longrightarrow }}&amp;L(V\otimes W^{*};K)\cong V^{*}\otimes W\\f&amp;\longmapsto &amp;(\beta \colon v\otimes \mu \mapsto \mu \circ f(v))\\\end{matrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>;</mo>
<mi>W</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits">
<mo stretchy="false">⟶<!-- ⟶ --></mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∼<!-- ∼ --></mo>
</mrow>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>;</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≅<!-- ≅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mi>W</mi>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mi>f</mi>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo stretchy="false">⟼<!-- ⟼ --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">↦<!-- ↦ --></mo>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mo>∘<!-- ∘ --></mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}L(V;W)&amp;{\stackrel {\sim }{\longrightarrow }}&amp;L(V\otimes W^{*};K)\cong V^{*}\otimes W\\f&amp;\longmapsto &amp;(\beta \colon v\otimes \mu \mapsto \mu \circ f(v))\\\end{matrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d44c684dfba543cbbeeecff2be345ea27ababc01.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex; width:43.878ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}L(V;W)&amp;{\stackrel {\sim }{\longrightarrow }}&amp;L(V\otimes W^{*};K)\cong V^{*}\otimes W\\f&amp;\longmapsto &amp;(\beta \colon v\otimes \mu \mapsto \mu \circ f(v))\\\end{matrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p><b>Definition:</b> Für einen fixierten Vektorraum <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4232c9de2ee3eec0a9c0a19b15ab92daa6223f9b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.776ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E}" loading="lazy"></span> über einem Körper <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>K</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2b76fce82a62ed5461908f0dc8f037de4e3686b0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.066ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K}" loading="lazy"></span> mit Dualraum <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E^{*}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E^{*}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a91d2119445b3b65384ba491c4b95f1557571ecc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.848ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E^{*}}" loading="lazy"></span> sei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{s}^{r}(E,K)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{s}^{r}(E,K)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e01a11800584e3fa871f4b5791e2e7439e9a0638.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.379ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{s}^{r}(E,K)}" loading="lazy"></span> definiert durch
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{s}^{r}(E,K):=L^{r+s}(E^{*},\dotsc ,E^{*},E,\dotsc ,E;K)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>:=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>L</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo>;</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{s}^{r}(E,K):=L^{r+s}(E^{*},\dotsc ,E^{*},E,\dotsc ,E;K)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9977403d4704d7e577eb21018d1be1c8a01fa88a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:43.277ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{s}^{r}(E,K):=L^{r+s}(E^{*},\dotsc ,E^{*},E,\dotsc ,E;K)}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>r</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0d1ecb613aa2984f0576f70f86650b7c2a132538.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.049ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r}" loading="lazy"></span> Einträgen von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E^{*}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E^{*}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a91d2119445b3b65384ba491c4b95f1557571ecc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.848ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E^{*}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>s</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/01d131dfd7673938b947072a13a9744fe997e632.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.09ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s}" loading="lazy"></span> Einträgen von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4232c9de2ee3eec0a9c0a19b15ab92daa6223f9b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.776ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E}" loading="lazy"></span>. Elemente dieser Menge heißen <b>Tensoren</b>, kontravariant der Stufe <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>r</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0d1ecb613aa2984f0576f70f86650b7c2a132538.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.049ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r}" loading="lazy"></span> und kovariant der Stufe <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>s</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/01d131dfd7673938b947072a13a9744fe997e632.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.09ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s}" loading="lazy"></span>. Kurz spricht man von Tensoren vom Typ <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (r,s)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (r,s)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2f3e3778daed31bfa6149169529acb5d9fcc8b49.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.982ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (r,s)}" loading="lazy"></span>. Die Summe <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r+s}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>s</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r+s}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5488864cadde3b5ce31fba53204a4c75a029c316.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:4.98ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r+s}" loading="lazy"></span> heißt <i>Stufe</i> oder <i>Rang</i> des Tensors.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Mit den obigen Überlegungen (bei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r=m}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>m</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r=m}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a37ce4d0ef071a78de0bdfb83cc514df91afc77a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.188ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r=m}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r+s=k}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r+s=k}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/412e66f2b8d02f6e360695af33fab038d0014bd1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:9.289ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r+s=k}" loading="lazy"></span> sowie <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{i}=E}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>E</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{i}=E}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c845fa3f31d02c3e3f4197c5bd23e100a37c58ca.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.389ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{i}=E}" loading="lazy"></span> für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i\in \{1,\dotsc ,r\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle i\in \{1,\dotsc ,r\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e42474d9c972ee5146978182fbbfdd8b01340796.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:13.357ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle i\in \{1,\dotsc ,r\}}" loading="lazy"></span> bzw. <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{i}=E^{*}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{i}=E^{*}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b30b4020a1960655a5203f8b89477336d92e8612.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.461ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{i}=E^{*}}" loading="lazy"></span> für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i\in \{m+1,\dotsc ,k\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle i\in \{m+1,\dotsc ,k\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f6f53d194b3b51a0b167297468ede4252b8ec5e2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:18.401ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle i\in \{m+1,\dotsc ,k\}}" loading="lazy"></span>) ergibt sich insgesamt
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}T_{s}^{r}(E,K)&amp;:=L^{r+s}(\underbrace {E^{*},\dotsc ,E^{*}} _{r{\text{ Einträge}}},\underbrace {E,\dotsc ,E} _{s{\text{ Einträge}}};K)\\&amp;\cong L(\underbrace {E^{*}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E^{*}} _{r{\text{ Faktoren}}};\underbrace {E^{*}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E^{*}} _{s{\text{ Faktoren}}})\\&amp;\cong \underbrace {E\otimes \dotsc \otimes E} _{r{\text{ Faktoren}}}\otimes \underbrace {E^{*}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E^{*}} _{s{\text{ Faktoren}}}\end{aligned}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msubsup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>:=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>L</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
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<munder>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits">
<munder>
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<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mo>⏟<!-- ⏟ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>&nbsp;Einträge</mtext>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mo>,</mo>
<munder>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits">
<munder>
<mrow>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>E</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>⏟<!-- ⏟ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>&nbsp;Einträge</mtext>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mo>;</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>≅<!-- ≅ --></mo>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<munder>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits">
<munder>
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<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
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<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
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<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mo>⏟<!-- ⏟ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>&nbsp;Faktoren</mtext>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mo>;</mo>
<munder>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits">
<munder>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
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</mrow>
<mo>⏟<!-- ⏟ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>&nbsp;Faktoren</mtext>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>≅<!-- ≅ --></mo>
<munder>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits">
<munder>
<mrow>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mi>E</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>⏟<!-- ⏟ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>&nbsp;Faktoren</mtext>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<munder>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits">
<munder>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mo>⏟<!-- ⏟ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>&nbsp;Faktoren</mtext>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</munder>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}T_{s}^{r}(E,K)&amp;:=L^{r+s}(\underbrace {E^{*},\dotsc ,E^{*}} _{r{\text{ Einträge}}},\underbrace {E,\dotsc ,E} _{s{\text{ Einträge}}};K)\\&amp;\cong L(\underbrace {E^{*}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E^{*}} _{r{\text{ Faktoren}}};\underbrace {E^{*}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E^{*}} _{s{\text{ Faktoren}}})\\&amp;\cong \underbrace {E\otimes \dotsc \otimes E} _{r{\text{ Faktoren}}}\otimes \underbrace {E^{*}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E^{*}} _{s{\text{ Faktoren}}}\end{aligned}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/54abaddff603502a868bc9ee101f8ffe29ef0bba.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -9.338ex; width:45.855ex; height:19.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}T_{s}^{r}(E,K)&amp;:=L^{r+s}(\underbrace {E^{*},\dotsc ,E^{*}} _{r{\text{ Einträge}}},\underbrace {E,\dotsc ,E} _{s{\text{ Einträge}}};K)\\&amp;\cong L(\underbrace {E^{*}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E^{*}} _{r{\text{ Faktoren}}};\underbrace {E^{*}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E^{*}} _{s{\text{ Faktoren}}})\\&amp;\cong \underbrace {E\otimes \dotsc \otimes E} _{r{\text{ Faktoren}}}\otimes \underbrace {E^{*}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E^{*}} _{s{\text{ Faktoren}}}\end{aligned}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Also realisiert der Vektorraum <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{s}^{r}(E,K)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{s}^{r}(E,K)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e01a11800584e3fa871f4b5791e2e7439e9a0638.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.379ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{s}^{r}(E,K)}" loading="lazy"></span> der Tensoren vom Typ <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (r,s)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (r,s)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2f3e3778daed31bfa6149169529acb5d9fcc8b49.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.982ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (r,s)}" loading="lazy"></span> das <a href="Tensorprodukt" title="Tensorprodukt">Tensorprodukt</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \underbrace {E\otimes \dotsb \otimes E} _{r{\text{ Faktoren}}}\otimes \underbrace {E^{*}\otimes \dotsb \otimes E^{*}} _{s{\text{ Faktoren}}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<munder>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits">
<munder>
<mrow>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mi>E</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>⏟<!-- ⏟ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>&nbsp;Faktoren</mtext>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<munder>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits">
<munder>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mo>⏟<!-- ⏟ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>&nbsp;Faktoren</mtext>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</munder>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \underbrace {E\otimes \dotsb \otimes E} _{r{\text{ Faktoren}}}\otimes \underbrace {E^{*}\otimes \dotsb \otimes E^{*}} _{s{\text{ Faktoren}}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c66c681331c5504d99e9359640323ff3a91c14aa.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.005ex; margin-left: -0.011ex; margin-right: -0.028ex; width:28.935ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \underbrace {E\otimes \dotsb \otimes E} _{r{\text{ Faktoren}}}\otimes \underbrace {E^{*}\otimes \dotsb \otimes E^{*}} _{s{\text{ Faktoren}}}}" loading="lazy"></span>, nämlich durch die obige kanonische Identifikation
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}T_{s}^{r}(E,K)=L(\underbrace {E^{*},\dotsc ,E^{*}} _{r},\underbrace {E,\dotsc ,E} _{s};K)&amp;{\stackrel {\sim }{\longrightarrow }}&amp;\underbrace {E\otimes \dotsc \otimes E} _{r}\otimes \underbrace {E^{*}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E^{*}} _{s}\\\end{matrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msubsup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
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<mo>,</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
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<munder>
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</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}T_{s}^{r}(E,K)=L(\underbrace {E^{*},\dotsc ,E^{*}} _{r},\underbrace {E,\dotsc ,E} _{s};K)&amp;{\stackrel {\sim }{\longrightarrow }}&amp;\underbrace {E\otimes \dotsc \otimes E} _{r}\otimes \underbrace {E^{*}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E^{*}} _{s}\\\end{matrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3722607d9f43a9433774030aaab49be92d2d9b35.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:77.705ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}T_{s}^{r}(E,K)=L(\underbrace {E^{*},\dotsc ,E^{*}} _{r},\underbrace {E,\dotsc ,E} _{s};K)&amp;{\stackrel {\sim }{\longrightarrow }}&amp;\underbrace {E\otimes \dotsc \otimes E} _{r}\otimes \underbrace {E^{*}\otimes \dotsc \otimes E^{*}} _{s}\\\end{matrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Diese natürlichen Isomorphismen bedeuten, dass man Tensoren der Stufe <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r+s>2}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo>&gt;</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r+s&gt;2}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4b799a494ea7cd33501820adeaf0408b98e5d537.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:9.24ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r+s>2}" loading="lazy"></span> auch <a href="Vollst%C3%A4ndige_Induktion#Rekursive_oder_induktive_Definition" title="Vollständige Induktion">induktiv</a> als <a href="Multilineare_Abbildung" title="Multilineare Abbildung">multilineare Abbildungen</a> zwischen Tensorräumen geringerer Stufe definieren kann. Dabei hat man für einen Tensor eines bestimmten Typs mehrere äquivalente Möglichkeiten.
</p><p>In der Physik sind die Vektorräume in der Regel nicht identisch, z.&nbsp;B. kann man einen Geschwindigkeitsvektor und einen Kraftvektor nicht addieren. Man kann jedoch die Richtungen miteinander vergleichen, d.&nbsp;h., die Vektorräume bis auf einen <a href="Skalar_(Mathematik)" title="Skalar (Mathematik)">skalaren Faktor</a> miteinander identifizieren. Daher kann die Definition von Tensoren des Typs <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (r,s)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (r,s)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2f3e3778daed31bfa6149169529acb5d9fcc8b49.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.982ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (r,s)}" loading="lazy"></span> entsprechend angewendet werden. Es sei außerdem erwähnt, dass (dimensionsbehaftete) Skalare in der Physik Elemente aus eindimensionalen Vektorräumen sind und dass Vektorräume mit <a href="Skalarprodukt" title="Skalarprodukt">Skalarprodukt</a> mit ihrem Dualraum identifiziert werden können. Man arbeitet z.&nbsp;B. mit Kraftvektoren, obwohl Kräfte ohne die Verwendung des Skalarprodukts als Kovektoren anzusehen sind.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Äußeres_Tensorprodukt"><span id=".C3.84u.C3.9Feres_Tensorprodukt"></span>Äußeres Tensorprodukt</h3></div>
<p>Als (äußeres) <i>Tensorprodukt</i> oder <i>Tensormultiplikation</i> bezeichnet man eine Verknüpfung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \otimes }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \otimes }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/de29098f5a34ee296a505681a0d5e875070f2aea.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \otimes }" loading="lazy"></span> zwischen zwei Tensoren. Sei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4232c9de2ee3eec0a9c0a19b15ab92daa6223f9b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.776ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E}" loading="lazy"></span> ein Vektorraum und seien <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t_{1}\in T_{s_{1}}^{r_{1}}(E)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>t</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t_{1}\in T_{s_{1}}^{r_{1}}(E)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c05e2182d29c1cdd1f8739516b1facd9e10f5792.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:11.845ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t_{1}\in T_{s_{1}}^{r_{1}}(E)}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t_{2}\in T_{s_{2}}^{r_{2}}(E)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>t</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t_{2}\in T_{s_{2}}^{r_{2}}(E)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1b57aec64297cc7c6e5d3eca22e55f9d00511f61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:11.845ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t_{2}\in T_{s_{2}}^{r_{2}}(E)}" loading="lazy"></span> Tensoren. Das (äußere) Tensorprodukt von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t_{1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>t</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t_{1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cb0768c0bd659f2f84fb5ef9f4b74f336123d915.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.894ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t_{1}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t_{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>t</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t_{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/749fee708b41e7079eabd50d61c8bf3e965db16f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.894ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t_{2}}" loading="lazy"></span> ist der Tensor <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t_{1}\otimes t_{2}\in T_{s_{1}+s_{2}}^{r_{1}+r_{2}}(E)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>t</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>t</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t_{1}\otimes t_{2}\in T_{s_{1}+s_{2}}^{r_{1}+r_{2}}(E)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e9711aa6043276e05a064596d3a3795f07568b3a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:19.431ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t_{1}\otimes t_{2}\in T_{s_{1}+s_{2}}^{r_{1}+r_{2}}(E)}" loading="lazy"></span>, der durch
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left(t_{1}\otimes t_{2})(\beta ^{1},\dotsc ,\beta ^{r_{1}},\gamma ^{1},\dotsc ,\gamma ^{r_{2}},f_{1},\dotsc ,f_{s_{1}},g_{1},\dotsc ,g_{s_{2}}\right):=t_{1}(\beta ^{1},\dotsc ,\beta ^{r_{1}},f_{1},\dotsc ,f_{s_{1}})t_{2}(\gamma ^{1},\dotsc ,\gamma ^{r_{2}},g_{1},\dotsc ,g_{s_{2}})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>t</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
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</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>t</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msup>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msup>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<msup>
<mi>γ<!-- γ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msup>
<mi>γ<!-- γ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
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<msub>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
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</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
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<mi>g</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
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</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>g</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>:=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>t</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msup>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msup>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mi>r</mi>
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<mn>1</mn>
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<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
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</mrow>
</msub>
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<msub>
<mi>t</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msup>
<mi>γ<!-- γ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msup>
<mi>γ<!-- γ --></mi>
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<mi>r</mi>
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<msub>
<mi>g</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
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<msub>
<mi>g</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
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</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left(t_{1}\otimes t_{2})(\beta ^{1},\dotsc ,\beta ^{r_{1}},\gamma ^{1},\dotsc ,\gamma ^{r_{2}},f_{1},\dotsc ,f_{s_{1}},g_{1},\dotsc ,g_{s_{2}}\right):=t_{1}(\beta ^{1},\dotsc ,\beta ^{r_{1}},f_{1},\dotsc ,f_{s_{1}})t_{2}(\gamma ^{1},\dotsc ,\gamma ^{r_{2}},g_{1},\dotsc ,g_{s_{2}})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/66886054f3f83f84a783b130c3b0476626a663e0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:110.77ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left(t_{1}\otimes t_{2})(\beta ^{1},\dotsc ,\beta ^{r_{1}},\gamma ^{1},\dotsc ,\gamma ^{r_{2}},f_{1},\dotsc ,f_{s_{1}},g_{1},\dotsc ,g_{s_{2}}\right):=t_{1}(\beta ^{1},\dotsc ,\beta ^{r_{1}},f_{1},\dotsc ,f_{s_{1}})t_{2}(\gamma ^{1},\dotsc ,\gamma ^{r_{2}},g_{1},\dotsc ,g_{s_{2}})}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>definiert ist. Hierbei sind die <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \beta ^{j},\gamma ^{j}\in E^{*}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<msup>
<mi>γ<!-- γ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \beta ^{j},\gamma ^{j}\in E^{*}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ce1051ba7b962e66eea7043acd08ceee47971caf.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.159ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \beta ^{j},\gamma ^{j}\in E^{*}}" loading="lazy"></span> und die <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f_{j},g_{j}\in E}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>g</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>E</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f_{j},g_{j}\in E}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a3f66ad22c7d1cbcce7336f073bdc571bec7b1ce.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:9.718ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f_{j},g_{j}\in E}" loading="lazy"></span>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beispiele_von_(r,s)-Tensoren"><span id="Beispiele_von_.28r.2Cs.29-Tensoren"></span>Beispiele von (<i>r</i>,<i>s</i>)-Tensoren</h2></div>
<p>Im Folgenden seien <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4232c9de2ee3eec0a9c0a19b15ab92daa6223f9b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.776ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>F</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/545fd099af8541605f7ee55f08225526be88ce57.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.741ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F}" loading="lazy"></span> endlichdimensionale Vektorräume.
</p>
<ul><li>Die Menge der (0,0)-Tensoren ist isomorph mit dem zugrunde liegenden Körper <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>K</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2b76fce82a62ed5461908f0dc8f037de4e3686b0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.066ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K}" loading="lazy"></span>. Sie ordnen keiner Linearform und keinem Vektor ein Körperelement zu. Deshalb die Bezeichnung als (0,0)-Tensoren.</li>
<li>(0,1)-Tensoren ordnen keiner Linearform und einem Vektor eine Zahl zu, entsprechen somit den Linearformen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L(E,K)=E^{*}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>L</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L(E,K)=E^{*}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/01199d2e8949670a9ef9dae730583e66399d6b5f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:14.214ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L(E,K)=E^{*}}" loading="lazy"></span> auf <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4232c9de2ee3eec0a9c0a19b15ab92daa6223f9b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.776ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E}" loading="lazy"></span>.</li>
<li>(1,0)-Tensoren ordnen einer Linearform und keinem Vektor eine Zahl zu. Sie sind somit Elemente des bidualen Vektorraums <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E^{**}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E^{**}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b6e39c8cb11809efca5827ed641233163d764099.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.67ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E^{**}}" loading="lazy"></span>. Sie entsprechen bei endlichdimensionalen Vektorräumen den Ausgangsvektorräumen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4232c9de2ee3eec0a9c0a19b15ab92daa6223f9b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.776ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E}" loading="lazy"></span>, da hier <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{0}^{1}(E)\cong E^{**}\cong E}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≅<!-- ≅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>≅<!-- ≅ --></mo>
<mi>E</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{0}^{1}(E)\cong E^{**}\cong E}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a7346d41cc0a01ccbe725b1bd5f7d9c9925f836f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:18.002ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{0}^{1}(E)\cong E^{**}\cong E}" loading="lazy"></span> gilt (siehe <a href="Isomorphismus" title="Isomorphismus">Isomorphismus</a>).</li>
<li>Eine <a href="Lineare_Abbildung" title="Lineare Abbildung">lineare Abbildung</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E\to F}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mi>F</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E\to F}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/84d9e3dcf392a3538226db6bda1b7e2dd73c32e3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.13ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E\to F}" loading="lazy"></span> zwischen endlichdimensionalen Vektorräumen kann als Element von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E^{*}\otimes F}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mi>F</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E^{*}\otimes F}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b6ace242661b09ab8294a0949ce822a917607bcc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:7.429ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E^{*}\otimes F}" loading="lazy"></span> aufgefasst werden und ist dann ein (1,1)-Tensor.</li>
<li>Eine <a href="Bilinearform" title="Bilinearform">Bilinearform</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E\times E\to K}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mi>K</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E\times E\to K}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/982226229f4bc1677a945ebcff3d6df99585b9ba.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:12.072ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E\times E\to K}" loading="lazy"></span> lässt sich als ein Element von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E^{*}\otimes E^{*}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E^{*}\otimes E^{*}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/edc3a820dade7a1127557abc4b54b82fd2f9ab3e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:8.537ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E^{*}\otimes E^{*}}" loading="lazy"></span> auffassen, also als ein (0,2)-Tensor. Insbesondere lassen sich also <a href="Skalarprodukt" title="Skalarprodukt">Skalarprodukte</a> als (0,2)-Tensoren auffassen.</li>
<li>Das <a href="Kronecker-Delta" title="Kronecker-Delta">Kronecker-Delta</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c5321cfa797202b3e1f8620663ff43c4660ea03a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.049ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta }" loading="lazy"></span> ist wieder ein (0,2)-Tensor. Es ist ein Element von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E^{*}\otimes E^{*}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E^{*}\otimes E^{*}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/edc3a820dade7a1127557abc4b54b82fd2f9ab3e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:8.537ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E^{*}\otimes E^{*}}" loading="lazy"></span> und somit eine multilineare Abbildung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta \colon E\times E\to K}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mi>K</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta \colon E\times E\to K}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e7ce1a1d6c7dfe1c5272bdd3b26a665b2fb2e817.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:14.154ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta \colon E\times E\to K}" loading="lazy"></span>. Multilineare Abbildungen sind durch die Wirkung auf die Basisvektoren eindeutig bestimmt. So ist das Kronecker-Delta eindeutig durch</li></ul>
<dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta (e_{i},e_{j})=\left\{{\begin{matrix}1,&amp;{\mbox{falls }}i=j,\\0,&amp;{\mbox{falls }}i\neq j,\end{matrix}}\right.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>δ<!-- δ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>{</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mtext>falls&nbsp;</mtext>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mtext>falls&nbsp;</mtext>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>≠<!-- ≠ --></mo>
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
<mo fence="true" stretchy="true" symmetric="true"></mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta (e_{i},e_{j})=\left\{{\begin{matrix}1,&amp;{\mbox{falls }}i=j,\\0,&amp;{\mbox{falls }}i\neq j,\end{matrix}}\right.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/dcfd6e2ad5752c81c06e6285b911db815124d2ec.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:27.664ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta (e_{i},e_{j})=\left\{{\begin{matrix}1,&amp;{\mbox{falls }}i=j,\\0,&amp;{\mbox{falls }}i\neq j,\end{matrix}}\right.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl></dd>
<dd>bestimmt.</dd></dl>
<ul><li>Die <a href="Determinante" title="Determinante">Determinante</a> von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n\times n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n\times n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/59d2b4cb72e304526cf5b5887147729ea259da78.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.63ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n\times n}" loading="lazy"></span>-Matrizen, aufgefasst als alternierende Multilinearform der Spalten, ist ein (0,n)-Tensor. Bezüglich einer Orthonormalbasis wird er durch das <a href="Levi-Civita-Symbol" title="Levi-Civita-Symbol">Levi-Civita-Symbol</a> (den „Epsilontensor“) dargestellt. Speziell in drei reellen Dimensionen ist die Determinante <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \det \colon \mathbb {R} ^{3}\times \mathbb {R} ^{3}\times \mathbb {R} ^{3}\to \mathbb {R} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">det</mo>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \det \colon \mathbb {R} ^{3}\times \mathbb {R} ^{3}\times \mathbb {R} ^{3}\to \mathbb {R} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d1c2ebf26591bc205cad57cb2a11d53894b96e7a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:23.433ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \det \colon \mathbb {R} ^{3}\times \mathbb {R} ^{3}\times \mathbb {R} ^{3}\to \mathbb {R} }" loading="lazy"></span> ein Tensor dritter Stufe und es gilt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{ijk}=\det(e_{i},e_{j},e_{k})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>ε<!-- ε --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">det</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{ijk}=\det(e_{i},e_{j},e_{k})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cc1161a3fade7d03462086cec2e00ec430881cd7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:19.671ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{ijk}=\det(e_{i},e_{j},e_{k})}" loading="lazy"></span> für die Elemente einer Orthonormalbasis. Sowohl das Kronecker-Delta als auch das Levi-Civita-Symbol werden häufig verwendet, um Symmetrieeigenschaften von Tensoren zu untersuchen. Das Kronecker-Delta ist symmetrisch bei Vertauschungen der Indizes, das Levi-Civita-Symbol antisymmetrisch, sodass man mit ihrer Hilfe Tensoren in symmetrische und antisymmetrische Anteile zerlegen kann.</li>
<li>Ein weiteres Beispiel für einen kovarianten Tensor 2. Stufe ist der <a href="Tr%C3%A4gheitstensor" title="Trägheitstensor">Trägheitstensor</a>.</li>
<li>In der <a href="Elastizit%C3%A4tstheorie" title="Elastizitätstheorie">Elastizitätstheorie</a> verallgemeinert man die <a href="Hookesches_Gesetz#Verallgemeinertes_hookesches_Gesetz" title="Hookesches Gesetz">hookesche Gleichung</a> über den Zusammenhang zwischen Kräften und zugehörigen Dehnungen und Verzerrungen in einem elastischen Medium ebenfalls mit Hilfe der Tensorrechnung durch Einführung des <a href="Verzerrungstensor" title="Verzerrungstensor">Verzerrungstensors</a>, der Verzerrungen, Deformationen beschreibt, und des <a href="Spannungstensor" title="Spannungstensor">Spannungstensors</a>, der die die Deformationen verursachenden Kräfte beschreibt. Siehe dazu auch unter <a href="Kontinuumsmechanik" title="Kontinuumsmechanik">Kontinuumsmechanik</a> nach.</li>
<li>Sei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (V,g)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>g</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (V,g)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e5334519f55cf9b00f83f75f58e524cce3a3b7db.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.746ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (V,g)}" loading="lazy"></span> ein Vektorraum mit <a href="Skalarprodukt" title="Skalarprodukt">Skalarprodukt</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d3556280e66fe2c0d0140df20935a6f057381d77.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.116ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g}" loading="lazy"></span>. Wie oben bereits erwähnt, ist das Skalarprodukt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d3556280e66fe2c0d0140df20935a6f057381d77.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.116ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g}" loading="lazy"></span> linear in beiden Argumenten, also ein (0,2)-Tensor bzw. ein zweifach kovarianter Tensor. Man spricht auch von einem <a href="Metrischer_Tensor" title="Metrischer Tensor">metrischen Tensor</a> oder kurz von einer „Metrik“. Dabei ist zu beachten, dass <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d3556280e66fe2c0d0140df20935a6f057381d77.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.116ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g}" loading="lazy"></span> selbst keine Metrik im Sinne eines <a href="Metrischer_Raum" title="Metrischer Raum">metrischen Raums</a> ist, aber eine solche erzeugt. Mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g_{ij}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>g</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g_{ij}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e7c1130c3dec178129b287a3672c72f88e773832.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.586ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g_{ij}}" loading="lazy"></span> werden die Koordinaten der Metrik bezüglich einer Basis des Vektorraums <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>V</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/af0f6064540e84211d0ffe4dac72098adfa52845.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.787ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V}" loading="lazy"></span> bezeichnet; <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v^{i}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v^{i}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a593908199cba4c17cea2fc670fdc171f83f537d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.927ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v^{i}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle w^{j}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>w</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle w^{j}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b2319ee4d3db853cb7d9b32403e2aca20fc68390.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.574ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle w^{j}}" loading="lazy"></span> seien die Koordinaten der Vektoren <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>v</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e07b00e7fc0847fbd16391c778d65bc25c452597.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.128ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle w}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>w</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle w}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/88b1e0c8e1be5ebe69d18a8010676fa42d7961e6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.664ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle w}" loading="lazy"></span> bezüglich derselben Basis. Für die Abbildung zweier Vektoren <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>v</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e07b00e7fc0847fbd16391c778d65bc25c452597.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.128ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle w}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>w</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle w}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/88b1e0c8e1be5ebe69d18a8010676fa42d7961e6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.664ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle w}" loading="lazy"></span> unter der Metrik <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d3556280e66fe2c0d0140df20935a6f057381d77.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.116ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g}" loading="lazy"></span> gilt deshalb</li></ul>
<dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g(v,w)=\sum _{i,j}g_{ij}v^{i}w^{j}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>w</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<munder>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</munder>
<msub>
<mi>g</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msup>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msup>
<mi>w</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g(v,w)=\sum _{i,j}g_{ij}v^{i}w^{j}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0935cb7e019523826161e0be241365eec6c860aa.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.338ex; width:21.326ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g(v,w)=\sum _{i,j}g_{ij}v^{i}w^{j}.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl></dd>
<dd>Der Übergang zwischen ko- und kontravarianten Tensoren lässt sich mittels der Metrik durch
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x_{i}=\sum _{j}g_{ij}x^{j}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<munder>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</munder>
<msub>
<mi>g</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x_{i}=\sum _{j}g_{ij}x^{j}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8018790470e65fdb4591c7661a095cd1ee3162e6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.338ex; width:13.795ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x_{i}=\sum _{j}g_{ij}x^{j}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl></dd>
<dd>bewerkstelligen.</dd>
<dd>In der Differentialgeometrie auf <a href="Riemannsche_Mannigfaltigkeit" title="Riemannsche Mannigfaltigkeit">riemannschen Mannigfaltigkeiten</a> ist diese Metrik zusätzlich eine Funktion des Ortes. Eine tensorwertige Funktion des Ortes wird <a href="Tensorfeld" title="Tensorfeld">Tensorfeld</a> genannt, im Fall des metrischen Tensors speziell riemannsche Metrik.</dd></dl>
<ul><li>In der Theorie der <a href="Pseudo-riemannsche_Mannigfaltigkeit" title="Pseudo-riemannsche Mannigfaltigkeit">pseudo-riemannschen Mannigfaltigkeiten</a> wird der Begriff des metrischen Tensors dahingehend verallgemeinert, dass auf die Definitheit des Skalarprodukts verzichtet wird. Wichtigste Anwendung ist die <a href="Relativit%C3%A4tstheorie" title="Relativitätstheorie">Relativitätstheorie</a>. In der <a href="Spezielle_Relativit%C3%A4tstheorie" title="Spezielle Relativitätstheorie">speziellen Relativitätstheorie</a> verwendet man statt der <a href="Euklidische_Metrik" class="mw-redirect" title="Euklidische Metrik">euklidischen Metrik</a> die uneigentliche Metrik des <a href="Minkowskiraum" class="mw-redirect" title="Minkowskiraum">Minkowskiraumes</a>. In der <a href="Allgemeine_Relativit%C3%A4tstheorie" title="Allgemeine Relativitätstheorie">allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie</a> wird ein Tensorfeld mit derselben <a href="Signatur_(lineare_Algebra)" class="mw-redirect" title="Signatur (lineare Algebra)">Signatur</a> wie die Minkowski-Metrik verwendet.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Basis">Basis</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basis_und_Dimension">Basis und Dimension</h3></div>
<p>Sei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4232c9de2ee3eec0a9c0a19b15ab92daa6223f9b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.776ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E}" loading="lazy"></span> wie oben ein Vektorraum, dann sind die Räume <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{s}^{r}(E)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{s}^{r}(E)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2b129ffe21671cc15f9ae018060a4f0026ccc889.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.279ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{s}^{r}(E)}" loading="lazy"></span> ebenfalls Vektorräume. Weiterhin sei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4232c9de2ee3eec0a9c0a19b15ab92daa6223f9b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.776ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E}" loading="lazy"></span> nun endlichdimensional mit der <a href="Basis_(Vektorraum)" title="Basis (Vektorraum)">Basis</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \{e_{1},\dotsc ,e_{n}\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<msub>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \{e_{1},\dotsc ,e_{n}\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1d4c237dc5200c8760593d5c01530e6410a25e86.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.943ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \{e_{1},\dotsc ,e_{n}\}}" loading="lazy"></span>. Die duale Basis wird mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \{e^{1},\dotsc ,e^{n}\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \{e^{1},\dotsc ,e^{n}\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1f87ace1efc3aeee5e02b193c4f80078fe6a59e6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.943ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \{e^{1},\dotsc ,e^{n}\}}" loading="lazy"></span> bezeichnet. Der Raum <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{s}^{r}(E)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{s}^{r}(E)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2b129ffe21671cc15f9ae018060a4f0026ccc889.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.279ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{s}^{r}(E)}" loading="lazy"></span> der Tensoren ist dann ebenfalls endlichdimensional und
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left\{\left.e_{i_{1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes e_{i_{r}}\otimes e^{j_{1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes e^{j_{s}}\right|i_{1},\dotsc ,i_{r},j_{1},\dotsc ,j_{s}=1,\dotsc ,n\right\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow>
<mo>{</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<mo fence="true" stretchy="true" symmetric="true"></mo>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>}</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left\{\left.e_{i_{1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes e_{i_{r}}\otimes e^{j_{1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes e^{j_{s}}\right|i_{1},\dotsc ,i_{r},j_{1},\dotsc ,j_{s}=1,\dotsc ,n\right\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d01505928407fa9108c7e3c57f4951b1de2253a1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:64.196ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left\{\left.e_{i_{1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes e_{i_{r}}\otimes e^{j_{1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes e^{j_{s}}\right|i_{1},\dotsc ,i_{r},j_{1},\dotsc ,j_{s}=1,\dotsc ,n\right\}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>ist eine Basis dieses Raumes. Das heißt, jedes Element <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t\in T_{s}^{r}(E)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t\in T_{s}^{r}(E)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/26611c5db4dd274a6872ca182351fb6a9ffcc673.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.959ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t\in T_{s}^{r}(E)}" loading="lazy"></span> kann durch
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sum _{i_{1},\dotsc ,i_{r},j_{1},\dotsc ,j_{s}=1,\dotsc ,n}a_{j_{1},\dotsc ,j_{s}}^{i_{1},\dotsc ,i_{r}}e_{i_{1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes e_{i_{r}}\otimes e^{j_{1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes e^{j_{s}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<munder>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</munder>
<msubsup>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<msub>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sum _{i_{1},\dotsc ,i_{r},j_{1},\dotsc ,j_{s}=1,\dotsc ,n}a_{j_{1},\dotsc ,j_{s}}^{i_{1},\dotsc ,i_{r}}e_{i_{1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes e_{i_{r}}\otimes e^{j_{1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes e^{j_{s}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4aded954bcbe6607aa6701d2af72a8ca1b393a10.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.505ex; width:56.062ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sum _{i_{1},\dotsc ,i_{r},j_{1},\dotsc ,j_{s}=1,\dotsc ,n}a_{j_{1},\dotsc ,j_{s}}^{i_{1},\dotsc ,i_{r}}e_{i_{1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes e_{i_{r}}\otimes e^{j_{1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes e^{j_{s}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>dargestellt werden. Die Dimension dieses Vektorraums ist <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{s}^{r}(E)=n^{r+s}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>n</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{s}^{r}(E)=n^{r+s}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5d157313af8c25b432edfa8501ef68e766b395f6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:13.795ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{s}^{r}(E)=n^{r+s}}" loading="lazy"></span>. Wie in jedem endlichdimensionalen Vektorraum reicht es auch im Raum der Tensoren zu sagen, wie eine Funktion auf der Basis operiert.
</p><p>Da die obige Summendarstellung sehr viel Schreibarbeit mit sich bringt, wird oft die <a href="Einsteinsche_Summenkonvention" title="Einsteinsche Summenkonvention">einsteinsche Summenkonvention</a> verwendet. In diesem Fall schreibt man also
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a_{j_{1},\dotsc ,j_{s}}^{i_{1},\dotsc ,i_{r}}e_{i_{1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes e_{i_{r}}\otimes e^{j_{1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes e^{j_{s}}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<msub>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a_{j_{1},\dotsc ,j_{s}}^{i_{1},\dotsc ,i_{r}}e_{i_{1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes e_{i_{r}}\otimes e^{j_{1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes e^{j_{s}}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1682369d23814d68a272a9cf90421a32e0717ace.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:38.547ex; height:3.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a_{j_{1},\dotsc ,j_{s}}^{i_{1},\dotsc ,i_{r}}e_{i_{1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes e_{i_{r}}\otimes e^{j_{1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes e^{j_{s}}.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Die Koeffizienten <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a_{j_{1},\dotsc ,j_{s}}^{i_{1},\dotsc ,i_{r}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a_{j_{1},\dotsc ,j_{s}}^{i_{1},\dotsc ,i_{r}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/fb5b391aeb1b5ce9b8a8d65b5fb0a7bd833e377f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:7.279ex; height:3.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a_{j_{1},\dotsc ,j_{s}}^{i_{1},\dotsc ,i_{r}}}" loading="lazy"></span> werden Komponenten des Tensors bezüglich der Basis <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \{e^{1},\dotsc ,e^{n}\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \{e^{1},\dotsc ,e^{n}\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1f87ace1efc3aeee5e02b193c4f80078fe6a59e6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.943ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \{e^{1},\dotsc ,e^{n}\}}" loading="lazy"></span> genannt. Oft identifiziert man die Komponenten des Tensors mit dem Tensor an sich. Siehe dafür unter <a href="Tensordarstellungen_der_Physik" class="mw-redirect" title="Tensordarstellungen der Physik">Tensordarstellungen der Physik</a> nach.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basiswechsel_und_Koordinatentransformation">Basiswechsel und Koordinatentransformation</h3></div>
<p>Seien <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \{e'_{i_{1}},\dotsc ,e'_{i_{n}}\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>′</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>′</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \{e'_{i_{1}},\dotsc ,e'_{i_{n}}\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/61d2e1b0ee84f53b4a4c6fd4d189b08a481e43a4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:13.066ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \{e'_{i_{1}},\dotsc ,e'_{i_{n}}\}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \{e_{i_{1}},\dotsc ,e_{i_{n}}\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<msub>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \{e_{i_{1}},\dotsc ,e_{i_{n}}\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8dad1773a4da38ea129aa86855c03bb910e07982.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:13.066ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \{e_{i_{1}},\dotsc ,e_{i_{n}}\}}" loading="lazy"></span> paarweise verschiedene Basen der Vektorräume <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{1},\dotsc ,V_{n}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{1},\dotsc ,V_{n}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b36269b01b2a8231119a4fe94fcaa33bf5ee4775.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:10.161ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{1},\dotsc ,V_{n}}" loading="lazy"></span>. Jeder Vektor, also auch jeder Basisvektor <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e_{i_{l}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e_{i_{l}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9b3f54117fdfb2b32247a7ef03d3a6daca184c6d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.445ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e_{i_{l}}}" loading="lazy"></span> kann als <a href="Linearkombination" title="Linearkombination">Linearkombination</a> der Basisvektoren <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e'_{i_{l}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>′</mo>
</msubsup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e'_{i_{l}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c86a80061e9db8dc9f212141bfd7f91cb93da3b0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:2.445ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e'_{i_{l}}}" loading="lazy"></span> dargestellt werden. Der Basisvektor <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e_{i_{l}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e_{i_{l}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9b3f54117fdfb2b32247a7ef03d3a6daca184c6d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.445ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e_{i_{l}}}" loading="lazy"></span> werde dargestellt durch
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e_{i_{l}}=\sum _{j_{l}}a_{j_{l},i_{l}}e'_{j_{l}}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<munder>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</munder>
<msub>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msubsup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>′</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e_{i_{l}}=\sum _{j_{l}}a_{j_{l},i_{l}}e'_{j_{l}}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/596305c80ba3ff7aa3f0ae9d13a3c881ac373c61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.505ex; width:16.777ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e_{i_{l}}=\sum _{j_{l}}a_{j_{l},i_{l}}e'_{j_{l}}.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Die Größen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a_{j_{l},i_{l}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a_{j_{l},i_{l}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/118cbd8e5dd98a44c540478ab36f3ea248837e3d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:4.289ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a_{j_{l},i_{l}}}" loading="lazy"></span> bestimmen also die Basistransformation zwischen den Basen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \{e'_{i_{l}}\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>′</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \{e'_{i_{l}}\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/96017b48712ccaebee2c4c2de3662c3798671800.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:4.77ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \{e'_{i_{l}}\}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \{e_{i_{l}}\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<msub>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \{e_{i_{l}}\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/481109466a1a1699ee14f04dde40ea6ba2735cfe.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:4.77ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \{e_{i_{l}}\}}" loading="lazy"></span>. Das gilt für alle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle l=1,\dotsc ,n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle l=1,\dotsc ,n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b5fcbde7ee25ddbf35a4bec19d798221dfbc1fbf.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:11.527ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle l=1,\dotsc ,n}" loading="lazy"></span>. Dieses Verfahren wird <a href="Basiswechsel_(Vektorraum)" title="Basiswechsel (Vektorraum)">Basiswechsel</a> genannt.
</p><p>Ferner seien <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{{i_{1}},\dotsc ,{i_{n}}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{{i_{1}},\dotsc ,{i_{n}}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e4730ab70fbbe66131be5c33da5b347deb8d9067.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:7.362ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{{i_{1}},\dotsc ,{i_{n}}}}" loading="lazy"></span> die Komponenten des Tensors <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>T</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}" loading="lazy"></span> bezüglich der Basis <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \{e_{i_{1}},\dotsc ,e_{i_{n}}\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<msub>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \{e_{i_{1}},\dotsc ,e_{i_{n}}\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8dad1773a4da38ea129aa86855c03bb910e07982.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:13.066ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \{e_{i_{1}},\dotsc ,e_{i_{n}}\}}" loading="lazy"></span>. Dann ergibt sich für das Transformationsverhalten der Tensorkomponenten die Gleichung
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T'_{{i_{1}},\dotsc ,{i_{n}}}=\sum _{j_{1}}\dots \sum _{j_{n}}a_{i_{1},j_{1}}\dots a_{i_{n},j_{n}}T_{{j_{1}},\dotsc ,{j_{n}}}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T'_{{i_{1}},\dotsc ,{i_{n}}}=\sum _{j_{1}}\dots \sum _{j_{n}}a_{i_{1},j_{1}}\dots a_{i_{n},j_{n}}T_{{j_{1}},\dotsc ,{j_{n}}}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/af27ba45590d1fe45dc51eadd7414c8a1d6e7bc9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.505ex; width:42.702ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T'_{{i_{1}},\dotsc ,{i_{n}}}=\sum _{j_{1}}\dots \sum _{j_{n}}a_{i_{1},j_{1}}\dots a_{i_{n},j_{n}}T_{{j_{1}},\dotsc ,{j_{n}}}.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Es wird in der Regel zwischen der Koordinatendarstellung des Tensors <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T'_{{i_{1}},\dotsc ,{i_{n}}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T'_{{i_{1}},\dotsc ,{i_{n}}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/caffbfb66a17f4b0f40eeed60831d5eca9f3fb79.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:7.362ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T'_{{i_{1}},\dotsc ,{i_{n}}}}" loading="lazy"></span> und der Transformationsmatrix <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a_{j_{1},i_{1}}\dots a_{j_{n},i_{n}}}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a_{j_{1},i_{1}}\dots a_{j_{n},i_{n}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6a96656e5a8bc9237b5d926fcb6aed0fa46fa776.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:13.419ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a_{j_{1},i_{1}}\dots a_{j_{n},i_{n}}}" loading="lazy"></span> unterschieden. Die Transformationsmatrix <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a_{j_{1},i_{1}}\dots a_{j_{n},i_{n}}}">
<semantics>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a_{j_{1},i_{1}}\dots a_{j_{n},i_{n}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6a96656e5a8bc9237b5d926fcb6aed0fa46fa776.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:13.419ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a_{j_{1},i_{1}}\dots a_{j_{n},i_{n}}}" loading="lazy"></span> ist zwar eine indizierte Größe, aber kein Tensor. Im <a href="Euklidischer_Raum" title="Euklidischer Raum">euklidischen Raum</a> sind das Drehmatrizen und in der speziellen Relativitätstheorie z.&nbsp;B. <a href="Lorentz-Transformation" title="Lorentz-Transformation">Lorentz-Transformationen</a>, die sich auch als „Drehungen“ in einem vierdimensionalen <a href="Minkowskiraum" class="mw-redirect" title="Minkowskiraum">Minkowskiraum</a> auffassen lassen. Man spricht in diesem Fall auch von <a href="Vierertensor" title="Vierertensor">Vierertensoren</a> und <a href="Vierervektor" title="Vierervektor">Vierervektoren</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beispiel">Beispiel</h3></div>
<p>Mit Hilfe der Komponenten kann ein Tensor bezüglich einer Basis dargestellt werden. Beispielsweise kann ein Tensor <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>T</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}" loading="lazy"></span> mit Rang&nbsp;2 in einem gegebenen Basissystem <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {B}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">B</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {B}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e5622de88a69f68340f8dcb43d0b8bd443ba9e13.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.543ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {B}}}" loading="lazy"></span> wie folgt als Matrix dargestellt werden:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T=_{\mathcal {B}}{\begin{pmatrix}T_{11}&amp;T_{12}&amp;\cdots &amp;T_{1n}\\T_{21}&amp;T_{22}&amp;\cdots &amp;T_{2n}\\\vdots &amp;\vdots &amp;\ddots &amp;\vdots \\T_{n1}&amp;T_{n2}&amp;\cdots &amp;T_{nn}\end{pmatrix}}}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T=_{\mathcal {B}}{\begin{pmatrix}T_{11}&amp;T_{12}&amp;\cdots &amp;T_{1n}\\T_{21}&amp;T_{22}&amp;\cdots &amp;T_{2n}\\\vdots &amp;\vdots &amp;\ddots &amp;\vdots \\T_{n1}&amp;T_{n2}&amp;\cdots &amp;T_{nn}\end{pmatrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1247be7d20294986ee378b1b3bfda62593052d4b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -6.505ex; width:31.181ex; height:14.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T=_{\mathcal {B}}{\begin{pmatrix}T_{11}&amp;T_{12}&amp;\cdots &amp;T_{1n}\\T_{21}&amp;T_{22}&amp;\cdots &amp;T_{2n}\\\vdots &amp;\vdots &amp;\ddots &amp;\vdots \\T_{n1}&amp;T_{n2}&amp;\cdots &amp;T_{nn}\end{pmatrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Dadurch lässt sich der Wert <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T(v,w)}">
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</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T(v,w)={\begin{pmatrix}v_{1}&amp;v_{2}&amp;\cdots &amp;v_{n}\end{pmatrix}}\cdot {\begin{pmatrix}T_{11}&amp;T_{12}&amp;\cdots &amp;T_{1n}\\T_{21}&amp;T_{22}&amp;\cdots &amp;T_{2n}\\\vdots &amp;\vdots &amp;\ddots &amp;\vdots \\T_{n1}&amp;T_{n2}&amp;\cdots &amp;T_{nn}\end{pmatrix}}\cdot {\begin{pmatrix}w_{1}\\w_{2}\\\vdots \\w_{n}\end{pmatrix}}}">
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</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T(v,w)={\begin{pmatrix}v_{1}&amp;v_{2}&amp;\cdots &amp;v_{n}\end{pmatrix}}\cdot {\begin{pmatrix}T_{11}&amp;T_{12}&amp;\cdots &amp;T_{1n}\\T_{21}&amp;T_{22}&amp;\cdots &amp;T_{2n}\\\vdots &amp;\vdots &amp;\ddots &amp;\vdots \\T_{n1}&amp;T_{n2}&amp;\cdots &amp;T_{nn}\end{pmatrix}}\cdot {\begin{pmatrix}w_{1}\\w_{2}\\\vdots \\w_{n}\end{pmatrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/79566a8590c61ae9424a2533f08a8d25de0940c1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -6.505ex; width:65.513ex; height:14.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T(v,w)={\begin{pmatrix}v_{1}&amp;v_{2}&amp;\cdots &amp;v_{n}\end{pmatrix}}\cdot {\begin{pmatrix}T_{11}&amp;T_{12}&amp;\cdots &amp;T_{1n}\\T_{21}&amp;T_{22}&amp;\cdots &amp;T_{2n}\\\vdots &amp;\vdots &amp;\ddots &amp;\vdots \\T_{n1}&amp;T_{n2}&amp;\cdots &amp;T_{nn}\end{pmatrix}}\cdot {\begin{pmatrix}w_{1}\\w_{2}\\\vdots \\w_{n}\end{pmatrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Betrachtet man nun konkret den <a href="Tr%C3%A4gheitstensor" title="Trägheitstensor">Trägheitstensor</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>I</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/535ea7fc4134a31cbe2251d9d3511374bc41be9f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.172ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I}" loading="lazy"></span>, so kann mit ihm bezüglich eines gewählten Koordinatensystems die <a href="Rotationsenergie" title="Rotationsenergie">Rotationsenergie</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{\mathrm {rot} }}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{\mathrm {rot} }}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/76e88a849c59c89004924aef80d3bb73d886b3d0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.054ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{\mathrm {rot} }}" loading="lazy"></span> eines <a href="Starrer_K%C3%B6rper" title="Starrer Körper">starren Körpers</a> mit der <a href="Winkelgeschwindigkeit" title="Winkelgeschwindigkeit">Winkelgeschwindigkeit</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f4e066a68ceb355e3314fb2b97f1c0c421ca6074.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.446ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}}" loading="lazy"></span> wie folgt berechnet werden:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{\mathrm {rot} }={\frac {1}{2}}{\vec {\omega }}^{T}I{\vec {\omega }}={\frac {1}{2}}\omega _{\alpha }I_{\beta }^{\alpha }\omega ^{\beta }={\frac {1}{2}}{\begin{pmatrix}\omega _{1}&amp;\omega _{2}&amp;\omega _{3}\end{pmatrix}}\cdot {\begin{pmatrix}I_{11}&amp;I_{12}&amp;I_{13}\\I_{21}&amp;I_{22}&amp;I_{23}\\I_{31}&amp;I_{32}&amp;I_{33}\end{pmatrix}}\cdot {\begin{pmatrix}\omega _{1}\\\omega _{2}\\\omega _{3}\end{pmatrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>T</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>I</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msubsup>
<mi>I</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<msup>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>11</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>12</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>13</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>21</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>22</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>23</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>31</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>32</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>33</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{\mathrm {rot} }={\frac {1}{2}}{\vec {\omega }}^{T}I{\vec {\omega }}={\frac {1}{2}}\omega _{\alpha }I_{\beta }^{\alpha }\omega ^{\beta }={\frac {1}{2}}{\begin{pmatrix}\omega _{1}&amp;\omega _{2}&amp;\omega _{3}\end{pmatrix}}\cdot {\begin{pmatrix}I_{11}&amp;I_{12}&amp;I_{13}\\I_{21}&amp;I_{22}&amp;I_{23}\\I_{31}&amp;I_{32}&amp;I_{33}\end{pmatrix}}\cdot {\begin{pmatrix}\omega _{1}\\\omega _{2}\\\omega _{3}\end{pmatrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5dccecbcc92cad6c79d65374e7557a9382e4d83f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.005ex; width:76.192ex; height:9.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{\mathrm {rot} }={\frac {1}{2}}{\vec {\omega }}^{T}I{\vec {\omega }}={\frac {1}{2}}\omega _{\alpha }I_{\beta }^{\alpha }\omega ^{\beta }={\frac {1}{2}}{\begin{pmatrix}\omega _{1}&amp;\omega _{2}&amp;\omega _{3}\end{pmatrix}}\cdot {\begin{pmatrix}I_{11}&amp;I_{12}&amp;I_{13}\\I_{21}&amp;I_{22}&amp;I_{23}\\I_{31}&amp;I_{32}&amp;I_{33}\end{pmatrix}}\cdot {\begin{pmatrix}\omega _{1}\\\omega _{2}\\\omega _{3}\end{pmatrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operationen_auf_Tensoren">Operationen auf Tensoren</h2></div>
<p>Neben dem Tensorprodukt gibt es für (r,s)-Tensoren weitere wichtige Operationen.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inneres_Produkt">Inneres Produkt</h3></div>
<p>Das innere Produkt eines Vektors <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v\in E}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>v</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>E</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v\in E}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b5732c7b11ad9bb4b4dfefbfcb35d1df7a01f63d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.744ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v\in E}" loading="lazy"></span> (bzw. eines (Ko-)Vektors <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \beta \in E^{*}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \beta \in E^{*}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c425c8472d368f88ce0e61487fd44259963b8337.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.021ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \beta \in E^{*}}" loading="lazy"></span>) mit einem Tensor <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t\in T_{s}^{r}(E;K)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo>;</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t\in T_{s}^{r}(E;K)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bab32c7a65deb6345c56afcb56dd836388a4b06e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:13.059ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t\in T_{s}^{r}(E;K)}" loading="lazy"></span> ist der <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (r,s-1)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (r,s-1)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d03ea19e599da62ce391152e51e47bf70b397844.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.985ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (r,s-1)}" loading="lazy"></span> (bzw. <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (r-1,s)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (r-1,s)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9b00d0c1226d29caad1d8db35d0c03479a28b3f9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.985ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (r-1,s)}" loading="lazy"></span>)-Tensor, der durch
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (i_{v}t)\left(\beta ^{1},\dotsc ,\beta ^{r},\cdot ,v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{s-1}\right)=t\left(\beta ^{1},\dotsc ,\beta ^{r},v,v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{s-1}\right)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>v</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msup>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msup>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (i_{v}t)\left(\beta ^{1},\dotsc ,\beta ^{r},\cdot ,v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{s-1}\right)=t\left(\beta ^{1},\dotsc ,\beta ^{r},v,v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{s-1}\right)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1bd155ce11f68f609a5cab0fc35fdb358aa589df.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:62.307ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (i_{v}t)\left(\beta ^{1},\dotsc ,\beta ^{r},\cdot ,v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{s-1}\right)=t\left(\beta ^{1},\dotsc ,\beta ^{r},v,v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{s-1}\right)}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>bzw. durch
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (i^{\beta }t)\left(\cdot ,\beta ^{1},\dotsc ,\beta ^{r-1},v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{s}\right)=t\left(\beta ,\beta ^{1},\dotsc ,\beta ^{r-1},v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{s}\right)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msup>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msup>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msup>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<msup>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msup>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (i^{\beta }t)\left(\cdot ,\beta ^{1},\dotsc ,\beta ^{r-1},v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{s}\right)=t\left(\beta ,\beta ^{1},\dotsc ,\beta ^{r-1},v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{s}\right)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cef2ccf14ef689e58c9d151875f345380e257c07.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:62.656ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (i^{\beta }t)\left(\cdot ,\beta ^{1},\dotsc ,\beta ^{r-1},v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{s}\right)=t\left(\beta ,\beta ^{1},\dotsc ,\beta ^{r-1},v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{s}\right)}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>definiert ist. Dies bedeutet, dass der <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (r,s)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (r,s)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2f3e3778daed31bfa6149169529acb5d9fcc8b49.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.982ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (r,s)}" loading="lazy"></span>-Tensor <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>t</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/65658b7b223af9e1acc877d848888ecdb4466560.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.84ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t}" loading="lazy"></span> an einem festen Vektor <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>v</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e07b00e7fc0847fbd16391c778d65bc25c452597.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.128ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v}" loading="lazy"></span> bzw. festen Kovektor <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \beta }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \beta }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7ed48a5e36207156fb792fa79d29925d2f7901e8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.332ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \beta }" loading="lazy"></span> ausgewertet wird.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tensorverjüngung"><span id="Tensorverj.C3.BCngung"></span>Tensorverjüngung</h3></div>
<div class="hauptartikel" role="navigation"><span class="hauptartikel-pfeil" title="siehe" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation">→&nbsp;</span><i><span class="hauptartikel-text">Hauptartikel</span>: <a href="Tensorverj%C3%BCngung" title="Tensorverjüngung">Tensorverjüngung</a></i></div>
<p>Gegeben sei ein (r,s)-Tensor sowie <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1\leq k\leq r}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>r</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1\leq k\leq r}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3ffc32131b5b900ae2a090a800442fcfbc9be242.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:9.619ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1\leq k\leq r}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1\leq l\leq s}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>s</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1\leq l\leq s}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/63e1c528e558c0186bec0008412381c3f485ccff.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:9.143ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1\leq l\leq s}" loading="lazy"></span>. Die Tensorverjüngung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C_{l}^{k}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>C</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C_{l}^{k}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/aab0f3625e34117036b1a0e1aaee0008c75668a5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.887ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C_{l}^{k}}" loading="lazy"></span> bildet den Tensor
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sum \beta _{i_{1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes \beta _{i_{k}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes \beta _{i_{r}}\otimes v^{j_{1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v^{j_{l}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v^{j_{s}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sum \beta _{i_{1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes \beta _{i_{k}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes \beta _{i_{r}}\otimes v^{j_{1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v^{j_{l}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v^{j_{s}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/22c1977f2cf3951b7ea3cf627b0c4ec830dcc354.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:57.298ex; height:3.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sum \beta _{i_{1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes \beta _{i_{k}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes \beta _{i_{r}}\otimes v^{j_{1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v^{j_{l}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v^{j_{s}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>auf den Tensor
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}&amp;C_{l}^{k}\left(\sum \beta _{i_{1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes \beta _{i_{k}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes \beta _{i_{r}}\otimes v^{j_{1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v^{j_{l}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v^{j_{s}}\right)\\=&amp;\sum \beta _{i_{k}}(v^{j_{l}})\cdot (\beta _{i_{1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes \beta _{i_{k-1}}\otimes \beta _{i_{k+1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes \beta _{i_{r}}\otimes v^{j_{1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v^{j_{l-1}}\otimes v^{j_{l+1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v^{j_{s}})\end{aligned}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true">
<mtr>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd>
<msubsup>
<mi>C</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mo>=</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msup>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}&amp;C_{l}^{k}\left(\sum \beta _{i_{1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes \beta _{i_{k}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes \beta _{i_{r}}\otimes v^{j_{1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v^{j_{l}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v^{j_{s}}\right)\\=&amp;\sum \beta _{i_{k}}(v^{j_{l}})\cdot (\beta _{i_{1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes \beta _{i_{k-1}}\otimes \beta _{i_{k+1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes \beta _{i_{r}}\otimes v^{j_{1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v^{j_{l-1}}\otimes v^{j_{l+1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v^{j_{s}})\end{aligned}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/12efc76d5f237c0ac7faa2f7fcb555d1bc856bbf.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.671ex; width:89.194ex; height:8.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}&amp;C_{l}^{k}\left(\sum \beta _{i_{1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes \beta _{i_{k}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes \beta _{i_{r}}\otimes v^{j_{1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v^{j_{l}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v^{j_{s}}\right)\\=&amp;\sum \beta _{i_{k}}(v^{j_{l}})\cdot (\beta _{i_{1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes \beta _{i_{k-1}}\otimes \beta _{i_{k+1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes \beta _{i_{r}}\otimes v^{j_{1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v^{j_{l-1}}\otimes v^{j_{l+1}}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v^{j_{s}})\end{aligned}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>ab. Dieser Vorgang heißt <a href="Tensorverj%C3%BCngung" title="Tensorverjüngung">Tensorverjüngung</a> oder <i>Spurbildung.</i> Im Fall von (1,1)-Tensoren entspricht die Tensorverjüngung
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C_{1}^{1}\colon V^{*}\otimes V\to K}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>C</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mi>K</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C_{1}^{1}\colon V^{*}\otimes V\to K}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/94fe35f2e27aab3f0a3a2b11db2e9f996a4af4a8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:17.165ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C_{1}^{1}\colon V^{*}\otimes V\to K}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>unter der Identifizierung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V^{*}\otimes V\cong \mathrm {End} (V)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>≅<!-- ≅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V^{*}\otimes V\cong \mathrm {End} (V)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b9a919f58839301cea270639ee9a57851a3ff3b4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:18.462ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V^{*}\otimes V\cong \mathrm {End} (V)}" loading="lazy"></span> der <a href="Spur_(Mathematik)" title="Spur (Mathematik)">Spur</a> eines <a href="Endomorphismus" title="Endomorphismus">Endomorphismus</a>.
</p><p>Mit Hilfe der einsteinschen Summenkonvention kann man die Tensorverjüngung sehr kurz darstellen. Seien beispielsweise <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{i}^{j}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{i}^{j}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/083ae6eb3f6966c6af711c0c417892e8db638137.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.63ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{i}^{j}}" loading="lazy"></span> die Koeffizienten (bzw. Koordinaten) des zweistufigen Tensors <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>T</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}" loading="lazy"></span> bezüglich einer gewählten Basis. Will man diesen (1,1)-Tensor verjüngen, so schreibt man oft anstatt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C_{1}^{1}(T)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>C</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>T</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C_{1}^{1}(T)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/970aa87cb7f10812e165f9de2713a6fa64e59628.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:6.298ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C_{1}^{1}(T)}" loading="lazy"></span> nur die Koeffizienten <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{i}^{i}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{i}^{i}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/535fdeac0fe85ef501bb527fbe442577c8776bb6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.52ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{i}^{i}}" loading="lazy"></span>. Die einsteinsche Summenkonvention besagt nun, dass über alle gleichen Indizes summiert wird und somit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{i}^{i}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{i}^{i}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/535fdeac0fe85ef501bb527fbe442577c8776bb6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.52ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{i}^{i}}" loading="lazy"></span> ein Skalar ist, der mit der Spur des Endomorphismus übereinstimmt. Der Ausdruck <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B_{i}{}^{j}{}_{i}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>B</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">

</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">

</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B_{i}{}^{j}{}_{i}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e7bf72d46b24b05bf2cc1b6a50729fa79fbe13c5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.273ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B_{i}{}^{j}{}_{i}}" loading="lazy"></span> ist hingegen nicht definiert, weil über gleiche Indizes nur dann summiert wird, wenn einer oben und einer unten steht. Hingegen ist also <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B_{i}{}^{j}{}_{j}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>B</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">

</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">

</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B_{i}{}^{j}{}_{j}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4524db17c605fb7e04f4d2a023e3b9d6273420b3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:4.383ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B_{i}{}^{j}{}_{j}}" loading="lazy"></span> ein Tensor erster Stufe.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pull-Back_(Rücktransport)"><span id="Pull-Back_.28R.C3.BCcktransport.29"></span>Pull-Back (Rücktransport)</h3></div>
<div class="hauptartikel" role="navigation"><span class="hauptartikel-pfeil" title="siehe" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation">→&nbsp;</span><i><span class="hauptartikel-text">Hauptartikel</span>: <a href="R%C3%BCcktransport" title="Rücktransport">Rücktransport</a></i></div>
<p>Sei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \phi \in L(E,F)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>F</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \phi \in L(E,F)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/30fb2d9c9cb41bb185b7e8144ff8ff3052cb723a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.169ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \phi \in L(E,F)}" loading="lazy"></span> eine lineare Abbildung zwischen Vektorräumen, die kein Isomorphismus zu sein braucht. Der Rücktransport von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \phi }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \phi }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/72b1f30316670aee6270a28334bdf4f5072cdde4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.385ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \phi }" loading="lazy"></span> sei eine Abbildung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \phi ^{*}\in L(T_{s}^{0}(F),T_{s}^{0}(E))}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>F</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \phi ^{*}\in L(T_{s}^{0}(F),T_{s}^{0}(E))}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d5a75894a5c3d82061147b825be6a613185a99c8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:22.39ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \phi ^{*}\in L(T_{s}^{0}(F),T_{s}^{0}(E))}" loading="lazy"></span>, die durch
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \phi ^{*}t(f_{1},\dotsc ,f_{s})=t(\phi (f_{1}),\dotsc ,\phi (f_{s}))}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \phi ^{*}t(f_{1},\dotsc ,f_{s})=t(\phi (f_{1}),\dotsc ,\phi (f_{s}))}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/02a77507ae34da07cd1c2a655fb293cd417e6a54.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:36.254ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \phi ^{*}t(f_{1},\dotsc ,f_{s})=t(\phi (f_{1}),\dotsc ,\phi (f_{s}))}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>definiert ist. Dabei ist <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t\in T_{s}^{0}(F)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>F</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t\in T_{s}^{0}(F)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b433366a2bfd340d0becbf3092b4e57919af377b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.005ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t\in T_{s}^{0}(F)}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f_{1},\dotsc ,f_{s}\in E}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>E</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f_{1},\dotsc ,f_{s}\in E}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e9f21de00de2f4527d4717ac05c7776dca1f63e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:14.131ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f_{1},\dotsc ,f_{s}\in E}" loading="lazy"></span>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Push-Forward">Push-Forward</h3></div>
<div class="hauptartikel" role="navigation"><span class="hauptartikel-pfeil" title="siehe" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation">→&nbsp;</span><i><span class="hauptartikel-text">Hauptartikel</span>: <a href="Pushforward" title="Pushforward">Pushforward</a></i></div>
<p>Sei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \phi \colon E\to F}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mi>F</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \phi \colon E\to F}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e897cb706a82a7d1ad017214a5bb9b97ba1d7cf8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.55ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \phi \colon E\to F}" loading="lazy"></span> ein Vektorraum<a href="Isomorphismus" title="Isomorphismus">isomorphismus</a>. Definiere den Push-Forward von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \phi }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \phi }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/72b1f30316670aee6270a28334bdf4f5072cdde4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.385ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \phi }" loading="lazy"></span> durch <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \phi _{*}\in L(T_{s}^{r}(E),T_{s}^{r}(F))}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>F</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \phi _{*}\in L(T_{s}^{r}(E),T_{s}^{r}(F))}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/09192627a1a5b00f67972793a8affa5927b8f30a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:22.229ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \phi _{*}\in L(T_{s}^{r}(E),T_{s}^{r}(F))}" loading="lazy"></span> mit
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \phi _{*}t(\beta ^{1}\dotsc ,\beta ^{r},f_{1},\dotsc ,f_{s})=t(\phi ^{*}(\beta ^{1}),\dotsc ,\phi ^{*}(\beta ^{r}),\phi ^{-1}(f_{1}),\dotsc ,\phi ^{-1}(f_{s})).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msup>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msup>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msup>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msup>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msup>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msup>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msup>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msup>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \phi _{*}t(\beta ^{1}\dotsc ,\beta ^{r},f_{1},\dotsc ,f_{s})=t(\phi ^{*}(\beta ^{1}),\dotsc ,\phi ^{*}(\beta ^{r}),\phi ^{-1}(f_{1}),\dotsc ,\phi ^{-1}(f_{s})).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3505b6f4b67cd204b4003b65fef7d90969d1190e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:71.246ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \phi _{*}t(\beta ^{1}\dotsc ,\beta ^{r},f_{1},\dotsc ,f_{s})=t(\phi ^{*}(\beta ^{1}),\dotsc ,\phi ^{*}(\beta ^{r}),\phi ^{-1}(f_{1}),\dotsc ,\phi ^{-1}(f_{s})).}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Dabei ist <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t\in T_{s}^{r}(E)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t\in T_{s}^{r}(E)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/26611c5db4dd274a6872ca182351fb6a9ffcc673.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.959ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t\in T_{s}^{r}(E)}" loading="lazy"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \beta ^{1},\dotsc ,\beta ^{r}\in F^{*}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msup>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>F</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \beta ^{1},\dotsc ,\beta ^{r}\in F^{*}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/fc90b9fc7b5580ae26f7ec3b83c1177fb3d50c83.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:15.59ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \beta ^{1},\dotsc ,\beta ^{r}\in F^{*}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f_{1},\dotsc ,f_{s}\in F}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>F</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f_{1},\dotsc ,f_{s}\in F}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3ff69d191493537677bb30e9ec5f7c02c4769350.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:14.096ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f_{1},\dotsc ,f_{s}\in F}" loading="lazy"></span>. Mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \phi ^{*}(\beta ^{i})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msup>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \phi ^{*}(\beta ^{i})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/91d1215316ee0f1c21b32a287c1ee6c92e8ee67f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.386ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \phi ^{*}(\beta ^{i})}" loading="lazy"></span> wird der <a href="R%C3%BCcktransport" title="Rücktransport">Rücktransport</a> der Linearform <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \beta ^{i}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \beta ^{i}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e29de351d3482101c598ec4ac756d3a89c920b63.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.137ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \beta ^{i}}" loading="lazy"></span> notiert. Konkret heißt dies <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \phi ^{*}(\beta ^{i}(.))=\beta ^{i}(\phi (.)).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msup>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>β<!-- β --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \phi ^{*}(\beta ^{i}(.))=\beta ^{i}(\phi (.)).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/56437fec834760880d697cd8616cf80adb23be57.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:21.149ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \phi ^{*}(\beta ^{i}(.))=\beta ^{i}(\phi (.)).}" loading="lazy"></span> Analog zum Rücktransport kann man beim Push-Forward auf die Isomorphie von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \phi }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \phi }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/72b1f30316670aee6270a28334bdf4f5072cdde4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.385ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \phi }" loading="lazy"></span> verzichten und diese Operation nur für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (r,0)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (r,0)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/16d4f36025a8da43ffa1482669e94412ce4f54c6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.054ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (r,0)}" loading="lazy"></span>-Tensoren definieren.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tensoralgebra">Tensoralgebra</h2></div>
<div class="hauptartikel" role="navigation"><span class="hauptartikel-pfeil" title="siehe" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation">→&nbsp;</span><i><span class="hauptartikel-text">Hauptartikel</span>: <a href="Tensoralgebra" title="Tensoralgebra">Tensoralgebra</a></i></div>
<p>Sei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4232c9de2ee3eec0a9c0a19b15ab92daa6223f9b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.776ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E}" loading="lazy"></span> ein <a href="Vektorraum" title="Vektorraum">Vektorraum</a> über einem <a href="K%C3%B6rpertheorie" class="mw-redirect" title="Körpertheorie">Körper</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>K</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2b76fce82a62ed5461908f0dc8f037de4e3686b0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.066ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K}" loading="lazy"></span>. Dann ist durch
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {T} (E)=\bigoplus _{n\geq 0}E^{\otimes n}=K\oplus E\oplus (E\otimes E)\oplus (E\otimes E\otimes E)\oplus \dotsb }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<munder>
<mo>⨁<!-- ⨁ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>≥<!-- ≥ --></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</munder>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mo>⊕<!-- ⊕ --></mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo>⊕<!-- ⊕ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⊕<!-- ⊕ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⊕<!-- ⊕ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {T} (E)=\bigoplus _{n\geq 0}E^{\otimes n}=K\oplus E\oplus (E\otimes E)\oplus (E\otimes E\otimes E)\oplus \dotsb }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/511a6e593469be64855cf6a19cef1b414ab5b7b5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:58.593ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {T} (E)=\bigoplus _{n\geq 0}E^{\otimes n}=K\oplus E\oplus (E\otimes E)\oplus (E\otimes E\otimes E)\oplus \dotsb }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>die sogenannte Tensoralgebra definiert. Mit der Multiplikation, die auf den homogenen Bestandteilen durch das <a href="Tensorprodukt" title="Tensorprodukt">Tensorprodukt</a> gegeben ist, wird <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {T} (E)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {T} (E)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a463359e35acf0ffaacad614c70ba037ffe42ba6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.263ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {T} (E)}" loading="lazy"></span> zu einer unitären <a href="Assoziative_Algebra" title="Assoziative Algebra">assoziativen Algebra</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tensorproduktraum">Tensorproduktraum</h2></div>
<div class="hauptartikel" role="navigation"><span class="hauptartikel-pfeil" title="siehe" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation">→&nbsp;</span><i><span class="hauptartikel-text">Hauptartikel</span>: <a href="Tensorprodukt" title="Tensorprodukt">Tensorprodukt</a></i></div>
<p>In diesem Abschnitt werden Tensorprodukträume definiert, sie werden typischerweise in der <a href="Algebra" title="Algebra">Algebra</a> betrachtet. Diese Definition ist allgemeiner als die der (r,s)-Tensoren, da hier die Tensorräume aus unterschiedlichen Vektorräumen konstruiert werden können.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Die_universelle_Eigenschaft_für_das_Tensorprodukt_zweier_Faktoren"><span id="Die_universelle_Eigenschaft_f.C3.BCr_das_Tensorprodukt_zweier_Faktoren"></span>Die universelle Eigenschaft für das Tensorprodukt zweier Faktoren</h3></div>

<p>Es seien <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>V</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/af0f6064540e84211d0ffe4dac72098adfa52845.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.787ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle W}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>W</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle W}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/54a9c4c547f4d6111f81946cad242b18298d70b7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.435ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle W}" loading="lazy"></span> Vektorräume über dem Körper <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>K</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2b76fce82a62ed5461908f0dc8f037de4e3686b0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.066ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K}" loading="lazy"></span>. Sind <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X,Y}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>X</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>Y</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X,Y}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b8705438171d938b7f59cd1bfa5b7d99b6afa5cd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.787ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X,Y}" loading="lazy"></span> weitere <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>K</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2b76fce82a62ed5461908f0dc8f037de4e3686b0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.066ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K}" loading="lazy"></span>-Vektorräume, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b\colon V\times W\to X}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mi>W</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mi>X</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b\colon V\times W\to X}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/222b5ba20ebdedd658f361d385faeb22e55be7ed.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:14.688ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b\colon V\times W\to X}" loading="lazy"></span> eine beliebige bilineare Abbildung und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f\colon X\to Y}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<mi>X</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mi>Y</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f\colon X\to Y}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/07b9ff205beb51e7899846aeae788ae5e5546a3e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.68ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f\colon X\to Y}" loading="lazy"></span> eine lineare Abbildung, dann ist auch die Verknüpfung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (f\circ b)\colon V\times W\to Y}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>∘<!-- ∘ --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mi>W</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mi>Y</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (f\circ b)\colon V\times W\to Y}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e97e4d120451ed5d746250a16039df7d97aec927.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:19.764ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (f\circ b)\colon V\times W\to Y}" loading="lazy"></span> eine bilineare Abbildung. Ist also eine bilineare Abbildung gegeben, so kann man daraus auch beliebig viele weitere bilineare Abbildungen konstruieren. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob es eine bilineare Abbildung gibt, aus der auf diese Art, durch Verknüpfung mit linearen Abbildungen, <i>alle</i> bilinearen Abbildungen auf <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V\times W}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mi>W</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V\times W}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6b9b65a794c51f2c6b0396c9d01d3bbe48f54fa4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.063ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V\times W}" loading="lazy"></span> (auf eindeutige Weise) konstruiert werden können. Ein solches universelles Objekt, d.&nbsp;h. die bilineare Abbildung samt ihrem Bildraum, wird als Tensorprodukt von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>V</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/af0f6064540e84211d0ffe4dac72098adfa52845.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.787ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle W}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>W</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle W}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/54a9c4c547f4d6111f81946cad242b18298d70b7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.435ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle W}" loading="lazy"></span> bezeichnet.
</p><p><b>Definition:</b> Als Tensorprodukt der Vektorräume <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>V</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/af0f6064540e84211d0ffe4dac72098adfa52845.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.787ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle W}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>W</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle W}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/54a9c4c547f4d6111f81946cad242b18298d70b7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.435ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle W}" loading="lazy"></span> wird jeder <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>K</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2b76fce82a62ed5461908f0dc8f037de4e3686b0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.066ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K}" loading="lazy"></span>-Vektorraum <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>X</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/68baa052181f707c662844a465bfeeb135e82bab.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.98ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X}" loading="lazy"></span> bezeichnet, zu dem es eine <a href="Bilineare_Abbildung" title="Bilineare Abbildung">bilineare Abbildung</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \phi \colon V\times W\to X}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mi>W</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mi>X</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \phi \colon V\times W\to X}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e06e91332ab4095fc83d63c11581f7d459f7d82a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:15.076ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \phi \colon V\times W\to X}" loading="lazy"></span> gibt, die die folgende <a href="Universelle_Eigenschaft" title="Universelle Eigenschaft">universelle Eigenschaft</a> erfüllt:
</p>
<dl><dd>Zu jeder bilinearen Abbildung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b\colon V\times W\to Y}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mi>W</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mi>Y</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b\colon V\times W\to Y}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e2745a20a46370e59cce9454da244ce8258a72da.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:14.482ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b\colon V\times W\to Y}" loading="lazy"></span> von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V\times W}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mi>W</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V\times W}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6b9b65a794c51f2c6b0396c9d01d3bbe48f54fa4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.063ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V\times W}" loading="lazy"></span> in einen Vektorraum <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Y}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>Y</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Y}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/961d67d6b454b4df2301ac571808a3538b3a6d3f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.171ex; width:1.773ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Y}" loading="lazy"></span> existiert genau eine lineare Abbildung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b'\colon X\to Y}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<mi>X</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mi>Y</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b'\colon X\to Y}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/01846aa9e60437ba2b76aa5a9339cfc1fa29d8ea.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:10.084ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b'\colon X\to Y}" loading="lazy"></span>, sodass für alle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (v,w)\in V\times W}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>w</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mi>W</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (v,w)\in V\times W}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b22c295e3e8c1bb393aec0802257a4deec79f80c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:15.539ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (v,w)\in V\times W}" loading="lazy"></span> gilt: <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b(v,w)=b'(\phi (v,w))}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>w</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>w</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b(v,w)=b'(\phi (v,w))}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0f2a69d4089db6511ff3e7b117ed42f07a5f7dfb.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:20.243ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b(v,w)=b'(\phi (v,w))}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Gibt es einen solchen Vektorraum <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>X</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/68baa052181f707c662844a465bfeeb135e82bab.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.98ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X}" loading="lazy"></span>, so ist er bis auf <a href="Isomorphie_(Mathematik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Isomorphie (Mathematik)">Isomorphie</a> eindeutig bestimmt. Ist nämlich bereits <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Y}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>Y</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Y}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/961d67d6b454b4df2301ac571808a3538b3a6d3f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.171ex; width:1.773ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Y}" loading="lazy"></span> mit der Bilinearform <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>b</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f11423fbb2e967f986e36804a8ae4271734917c3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.998ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b}" loading="lazy"></span> (als seinem Tensorprodukt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \otimes }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \otimes }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/de29098f5a34ee296a505681a0d5e875070f2aea.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \otimes }" loading="lazy"></span>) ein zweiter derartigen Vektorraum <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X'}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>X</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X'}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/865f8505e90120a535a4ee68ca253dbd8ce7eb6a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.682ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X'}" loading="lazy"></span>, so gibt es neben der eindeutig bestimmten linearen Abbildung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b'}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b'}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cee8dc8bb1c6c5c94066d54504f57177d11883c7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.682ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b'}" loading="lazy"></span> mit der Eigenschaft <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b=b'\circ \phi }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo>∘<!-- ∘ --></mo>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b=b'\circ \phi }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/318162c623bb4df86dcc181c62ad42de7ec97363.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.358ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b=b'\circ \phi }" loading="lazy"></span> auch eine eindeutig bestimmte lineare Abbildung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \phi '\colon Y\to X}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<mi>Y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mi>X</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \phi '\colon Y\to X}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/28e7f50850fd39ca48ca93c86c17c3b8d864cd9d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:10.471ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \phi '\colon Y\to X}" loading="lazy"></span> mit der Eigenschaft <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \phi =\phi '\circ b}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo>∘<!-- ∘ --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \phi =\phi '\circ b}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/37d304cd10c11129f25da9493d349e1b2c778bdc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.746ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \phi =\phi '\circ b}" loading="lazy"></span>, da ja auch <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (b,Y)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>Y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (b,Y)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/970cb4b3168209c64407d660a7f6b1b0e3b93a7b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.614ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (b,Y)}" loading="lazy"></span> die universelle Eigenschaft hat. Also sind beide, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \phi }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \phi }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/72b1f30316670aee6270a28334bdf4f5072cdde4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.385ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \phi }" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>b</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f11423fbb2e967f986e36804a8ae4271734917c3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.998ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b}" loading="lazy"></span>, Isomorphismen. Man schreibt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X=V\otimes W}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>X</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mi>W</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X=V\otimes W}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/00fe9e5f54bcd6b7c1b31519751d71c25d6faa74.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:12.141ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X=V\otimes W}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \phi (v,w)=v\otimes w}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>w</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mi>w</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \phi (v,w)=v\otimes w}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8d1433a5e6d1e6b8adc46eefdd4f46077f950063.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:15.751ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \phi (v,w)=v\otimes w}" loading="lazy"></span>. Die universelle Eigenschaft kann also als <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b(v,w)=b'(v\otimes w)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>w</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mi>w</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b(v,w)=b'(v\otimes w)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c0cf57e779aae19154413ae36e7624c73947a044.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:18.855ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b(v,w)=b'(v\otimes w)}" loading="lazy"></span> geschrieben werden. Zur Konstruktion solcher Produkträume sei auf den Artikel <a href="Tensorprodukt" title="Tensorprodukt">Tensorprodukt</a> verwiesen.
</p><p>Die universelle Eigenschaft des Tensorproduktes gibt also auf die obige Fragestellung eine bejahende Antwort und lässt sich so formulieren: Die Abbildung
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}L(V\otimes W;Y)&amp;{\stackrel {\sim }{\longrightarrow }}&amp;L^{2}(V,W;Y)\\b'&amp;\longmapsto &amp;b'\circ \phi \end{matrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mi>W</mi>
<mo>;</mo>
<mi>Y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits">
<mo stretchy="false">⟶<!-- ⟶ --></mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∼<!-- ∼ --></mo>
</mrow>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msup>
<mi>L</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>W</mi>
<mo>;</mo>
<mi>Y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msup>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo stretchy="false">⟼<!-- ⟼ --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msup>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo>∘<!-- ∘ --></mo>
<mi>ϕ<!-- ϕ --></mi>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}L(V\otimes W;Y)&amp;{\stackrel {\sim }{\longrightarrow }}&amp;L^{2}(V,W;Y)\\b'&amp;\longmapsto &amp;b'\circ \phi \end{matrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b6b04cb82af36394ba80ad159f1489963cc4e145.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:34.974ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}L(V\otimes W;Y)&amp;{\stackrel {\sim }{\longrightarrow }}&amp;L^{2}(V,W;Y)\\b'&amp;\longmapsto &amp;b'\circ \phi \end{matrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>ist surjektiv (Existenzaussage) und injektiv (Eindeutigkeitsaussage), mithin <a href="Bijektive_Funktion" title="Bijektive Funktion">bijektiv</a> und somit ein Isomorphismus von Vektorräumen. Für den Fall <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Y=K}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>Y</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Y=K}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cf8e69782890c695f8c31b2f34deefb20c87993d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.938ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Y=K}" loading="lazy"></span> ergibt sich eine Deutung des Dualraumes des Tensorproduktraumes als Raum der Bilinearformen. Zusammen mit den bereits erwähnten Identifikationen ergibt sich: <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-block"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V^{*}\otimes W^{*}\cong (V\otimes W)^{*}\cong L(V,W;K)\cong L(V;W^{*})\cong L(W;V^{*})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>≅<!-- ≅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mi>W</mi>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>≅<!-- ≅ --></mo>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>W</mi>
<mo>;</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≅<!-- ≅ --></mo>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>;</mo>
<msup>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≅<!-- ≅ --></mo>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>W</mi>
<mo>;</mo>
<msup>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V^{*}\otimes W^{*}\cong (V\otimes W)^{*}\cong L(V,W;K)\cong L(V;W^{*})\cong L(W;V^{*})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span></span>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tensor_als_Element_des_Tensorproduktes">Tensor als Element des Tensorproduktes</h3></div>
<p>In der Mathematik sind Tensoren Elemente von Tensorprodukten.
</p><p>Es sei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>K</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2b76fce82a62ed5461908f0dc8f037de4e3686b0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.066ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K}" loading="lazy"></span> ein <a href="K%C3%B6rper_(Algebra)" title="Körper (Algebra)">Körper</a> und es seien <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{1},V_{2},\dotsc ,V_{s}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{1},V_{2},\dotsc ,V_{s}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1351f9b82a56a86337082e87488b4266e115e004.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.39ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{1},V_{2},\dotsc ,V_{s}}" loading="lazy"></span> <a href="Vektorraum" title="Vektorraum">Vektorräume</a> über dem Körper <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>K</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2b76fce82a62ed5461908f0dc8f037de4e3686b0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.066ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K}" loading="lazy"></span>.
</p><p>Das <i>Tensorprodukt</i> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8d99917f48fd18cc8f5ec5ba27aacaa2b8a69007.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.172ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s}}" loading="lazy"></span> von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{1},\dotsc ,V_{s}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{1},\dotsc ,V_{s}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/93647e859ced8d59468d1e3a09cf1e52d12f4460.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.946ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{1},\dotsc ,V_{s}}" loading="lazy"></span> ist ein <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>K</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2b76fce82a62ed5461908f0dc8f037de4e3686b0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.066ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K}" loading="lazy"></span>-Vektorraum, dessen Elemente Summen von Symbolen der Form
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{s},\quad v_{i}\in V_{i},}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mspace width="1em"></mspace>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{s},\quad v_{i}\in V_{i},}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d4b43bc5ad7081ebd505a1ddb7d82a22b9e69b7c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:23.643ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{s},\quad v_{i}\in V_{i},}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>sind. Dabei gelten für diese Symbole die folgenden Rechenregeln:
</p>
<ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes (v_{i}'+v_{i}'')\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{s}=(v_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{i}'\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{s})+(v_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{i}''\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{s})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>′</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo>+</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>″</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>′</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>″</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes (v_{i}'+v_{i}'')\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{s}=(v_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{i}'\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{s})+(v_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{i}''\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{s})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/94bbd39bfcefb9008f3a010e4dfb37ef5ef63a27.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:85.954ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes (v_{i}'+v_{i}'')\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{s}=(v_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{i}'\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{s})+(v_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{i}''\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{s})}" loading="lazy"></span></li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes (\lambda v_{i})\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{s}=\lambda (v_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{i}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{s}),\quad \lambda \in K}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mspace width="1em"></mspace>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>K</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes (\lambda v_{i})\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{s}=\lambda (v_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{i}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{s}),\quad \lambda \in K}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0564916531f35d576abf2e6d11e098cbc67f221c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:65.142ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes (\lambda v_{i})\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{s}=\lambda (v_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{i}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{s}),\quad \lambda \in K}" loading="lazy"></span></li></ul>
<p>Die Tensoren der Form <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{s}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{s}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/71c15dd1a113a10ce3ba625a447a41545ed38065.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:12.717ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{s}}" loading="lazy"></span> heißen <i>elementar.</i> Jeder Tensor lässt sich als Summe von elementaren Tensoren schreiben, aber diese Darstellung ist außer in trivialen Fällen nicht eindeutig, wie man an der ersten der beiden Rechenregeln sieht.
</p><p>Ist <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \{e_{i}^{(1)},\dotsc ,e_{i}^{(d_{i})}\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>d</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \{e_{i}^{(1)},\dotsc ,e_{i}^{(d_{i})}\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0c834ae3fac7c28f6063cf24ae01737aaf53743c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:14.995ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \{e_{i}^{(1)},\dotsc ,e_{i}^{(d_{i})}\}}" loading="lazy"></span> eine <a href="Basis_(Vektorraum)" title="Basis (Vektorraum)">Basis</a> von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{i}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{i}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f300b83673e961a9d48f3862216b167f94e5668c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.155ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{i}}" loading="lazy"></span> (für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i=1,\dotsc ,s}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>s</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle i=1,\dotsc ,s}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1254621dee4623fee4e79fa828d8f4399e83206d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:11.332ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle i=1,\dotsc ,s}" loading="lazy"></span>; <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle d_{i}=\dim V_{i}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>d</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>dim</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle d_{i}=\dim V_{i}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/920195cb05aab9823be1cc17f45a567747fe17f3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:11.524ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle d_{i}=\dim V_{i}}" loading="lazy"></span>), so ist
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \{e_{1}^{(j_{1})}\otimes \dotsb \otimes e_{s}^{(j_{s})}\mid 1\leq i\leq s,1\leq j_{i}\leq d_{i}\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>∣<!-- ∣ --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>d</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \{e_{1}^{(j_{1})}\otimes \dotsb \otimes e_{s}^{(j_{s})}\mid 1\leq i\leq s,1\leq j_{i}\leq d_{i}\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/94f3986d14149e45e8cf292860f7e2f35d5d0a5e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:42.245ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \{e_{1}^{(j_{1})}\otimes \dotsb \otimes e_{s}^{(j_{s})}\mid 1\leq i\leq s,1\leq j_{i}\leq d_{i}\}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>eine Basis von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/65d2f8ed1a8b00899104e732907db0cb797f7ae5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.819ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s}.}" loading="lazy"></span> Die Dimension von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8d99917f48fd18cc8f5ec5ba27aacaa2b8a69007.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.172ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s}}" loading="lazy"></span> ist also das Produkt der Dimensionen der einzelnen Vektorräume <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{1},\dotsc ,V_{s}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{1},\dotsc ,V_{s}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/08f761d0d8d2d39cb421c1c2e54ab048592efca4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:10.593ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{1},\dotsc ,V_{s}.}" loading="lazy"></span>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Erweiterung_auf_mehrere_Faktoren:_Universelle_Eigenschaft_für_mehrfache_Tensorprodukte_und_Multilinearformen"><span id="Erweiterung_auf_mehrere_Faktoren:_Universelle_Eigenschaft_f.C3.BCr_mehrfache_Tensorprodukte_und_Multilinearformen"></span>Erweiterung auf mehrere Faktoren: Universelle Eigenschaft für mehrfache Tensorprodukte und Multilinearformen</h3></div>
<p>Die <a href="#Die_universelle_Eigenschaft_für_das_Tensorprodukt_zweier_Faktoren">bisherigen Betrachtungen</a> zur <a href="Universelle_Eigenschaft" title="Universelle Eigenschaft">universellen Eigenschaft</a> lassen sich wie folgt auf mehrere Faktoren ausweiten.
</p><p>Der <a href="Dualraum" title="Dualraum">Dualraum</a> von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8d99917f48fd18cc8f5ec5ba27aacaa2b8a69007.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.172ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s}}" loading="lazy"></span> kann (gemäß der universellen Eigenschaft) mit dem Raum <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L(V_{1},\dotsc ,V_{s};K)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>L</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>;</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L(V_{1},\dotsc ,V_{s};K)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f6caf257c06b5182eb14f4304d762db3b20891ca.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:16.438ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L(V_{1},\dotsc ,V_{s};K)}" loading="lazy"></span> der <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>s</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/01d131dfd7673938b947072a13a9744fe997e632.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.09ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s}" loading="lazy"></span>-<a href="Multilinearform" title="Multilinearform">Multilinearformen</a> identifiziert werden:
</p>
<ul><li>Ist <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda \colon V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s}\to K}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mi>K</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda \colon V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s}\to K}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/42e4bd8dd2ebf036c761083f25e80bf06c106b88.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:21.241ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda \colon V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s}\to K}" loading="lazy"></span> eine <a href="Linearform" title="Linearform">Linearform</a> auf <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s},}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s},}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c84dbd4a815476616efffa0f4201737401b2c877.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.819ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s},}" loading="lazy"></span> so ist durch <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{s})\mapsto \lambda (v_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{s})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">↦<!-- ↦ --></mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{s})\mapsto \lambda (v_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{s})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/78887b570186809202705a6477ce5b11d59d25ac.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:30.796ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{s})\mapsto \lambda (v_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{s})}" loading="lazy"></span> eine <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>s</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/01d131dfd7673938b947072a13a9744fe997e632.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.09ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s}" loading="lazy"></span>-<a href="Multilinearform" title="Multilinearform">Multilinearform</a> gegeben. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob jede <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>s</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/01d131dfd7673938b947072a13a9744fe997e632.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.09ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s}" loading="lazy"></span>-Multilinearform auf diese Weise konstruiert werden kann. Die bejahende Antwort gibt <a href="#Die_universelle_Eigenschaft_für_das_Tensorprodukt_zweier_Faktoren">die universelle Eigenschaft</a> des Tensorproduktes:</li></ul>
<ul><li>Ist nämlich umgekehrt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mu \colon V_{1}\times \dotsb \times V_{s}\to K}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mi>K</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mu \colon V_{1}\times \dotsb \times V_{s}\to K}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ec81c6e28cc852616f145304f64c38d83472018c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:21.288ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mu \colon V_{1}\times \dotsb \times V_{s}\to K}" loading="lazy"></span> eine <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>s</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/01d131dfd7673938b947072a13a9744fe997e632.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.09ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s}" loading="lazy"></span>-Multilinearform, so ist die mit ihr –&nbsp;gemäß der universellen Eigenschaft&nbsp;– korrespondierende Linearform <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mu '\in L(V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s};K)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>;</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mu '\in L(V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s};K)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6978e95cbfd23b2e9b43184f6118a5ae1a095557.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:24.591ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mu '\in L(V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s};K)}" loading="lazy"></span> festgelegt, indem sie für die elementaren Tensoren (im Einklang mit der universellen Eigenschaft) definiert und dann linear auf den ganzen Vektorraum <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8d99917f48fd18cc8f5ec5ba27aacaa2b8a69007.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.172ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s}}" loading="lazy"></span> fortgesetzt wird. Für die elementaren Tensoren gilt gemäß der universellen Eigenschaft: <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mu '(v_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{s})=\mu (v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{s}).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mu '(v_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{s})=\mu (v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{s}).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/588bba9e477a493ba85d910ba05f325494e407e9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:33.06ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mu '(v_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{s})=\mu (v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{s}).}" loading="lazy"></span></li></ul>
<p>Wie oben (im Abschnitt zur <a href="#Die_universelle_Eigenschaft_für_das_Tensorprodukt_zweier_Faktoren">universellen Eigenschaft</a>) für den Fall zweier Vektorräume formuliert, gilt nämlich auch für mehrere Faktoren (bis auf Isomorphie) die universelle Eigenschaft. Und diese lässt sich in folgender Weise formulieren und umfasst zugleich die Aussage der beiden obigen Spiegelpunkte:
</p>
<dl><dd><b>Definition:</b> Es seien <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{1},\dotsc ,V_{s}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{1},\dotsc ,V_{s}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/93647e859ced8d59468d1e3a09cf1e52d12f4460.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.946ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{1},\dotsc ,V_{s}}" loading="lazy"></span> sowie <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>X</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/68baa052181f707c662844a465bfeeb135e82bab.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.98ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Y}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>Y</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Y}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/961d67d6b454b4df2301ac571808a3538b3a6d3f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.171ex; width:1.773ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Y}" loading="lazy"></span> Vektorräume über dem Körper <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>K</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2b76fce82a62ed5461908f0dc8f037de4e3686b0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.066ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K}" loading="lazy"></span>. Dann heißt die multilineare Abbildung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t\colon V_{1}\times \dotsb \times V_{s}\to X}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mi>X</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t\colon V_{1}\times \dotsb \times V_{s}\to X}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/afaf4316eac4e81fbf3a635e2fa68c1e7c737217.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:20.64ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t\colon V_{1}\times \dotsb \times V_{s}\to X}" loading="lazy"></span> das Tensorprodukt der Vektorräume <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{i}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{i}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f300b83673e961a9d48f3862216b167f94e5668c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.155ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{i}}" loading="lazy"></span> über <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>K</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2b76fce82a62ed5461908f0dc8f037de4e3686b0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.066ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K}" loading="lazy"></span>, wenn sie folgende Eigenschaft hat: Zu jeder multilinearen Abbildung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mu \in L(V_{1},\dotsc ,V_{s};Y)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>;</mo>
<mi>Y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mu \in L(V_{1},\dotsc ,V_{s};Y)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/fa8cab665130ea9e5ef604b697d5b88cb96c9fa6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:20.388ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mu \in L(V_{1},\dotsc ,V_{s};Y)}" loading="lazy"></span> gibt es eine eindeutig bestimmte lineare Abbildung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mu '\in L(X;Y)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>X</mi>
<mo>;</mo>
<mi>Y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mu '\in L(X;Y)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7496e112ad17e36aea33d7a9e32324309fd9f3c9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:13.106ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mu '\in L(X;Y)}" loading="lazy"></span> mit der Eigenschaft <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mu '(t(v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{s}))=\mu (v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{s})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mu '(t(v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{s}))=\mu (v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{s})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c9bd3974f833d7fdf35b4542e06b8d13c1d0e5f0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:31.836ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mu '(t(v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{s}))=\mu (v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{s})}" loading="lazy"></span> für alle Tupel <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{s})\in V_{1}\times \dotsb \times V_{s}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{s})\in V_{1}\times \dotsb \times V_{s}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a172a5ddeee7d59478c4886de096011c72e769e2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:27.96ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{s})\in V_{1}\times \dotsb \times V_{s}.}" loading="lazy"></span> Man schreibt dann:</dd></dl>
<p><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-block"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t(v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{s})=v_{1}\otimes \dotsc \otimes v_{s}\qquad {\text{ und }}\qquad X=V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mspace width="2em"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>&nbsp;und&nbsp;</mtext>
</mrow>
<mspace width="2em"></mspace>
<mi>X</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t(v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{s})=v_{1}\otimes \dotsc \otimes v_{s}\qquad {\text{ und }}\qquad X=V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span></span>
</p>
<dl><dd>Wenn es einen solchen Vektorraum <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>X</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/68baa052181f707c662844a465bfeeb135e82bab.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.98ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X}" loading="lazy"></span> mit einer solchen multilinearen Abbildung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>t</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/65658b7b223af9e1acc877d848888ecdb4466560.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.84ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t}" loading="lazy"></span> gibt, dann ist der Vektorraum <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>X</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/68baa052181f707c662844a465bfeeb135e82bab.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.98ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X}" loading="lazy"></span> aufgrund eben dieser universellen Eigenschaft bis auf Isomorphie eindeutig bestimmt. Daher wird häufig nur von dem Vektorraum <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>X</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/68baa052181f707c662844a465bfeeb135e82bab.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.98ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X}" loading="lazy"></span> gesprochen, obwohl genau genommen auch die zugehörige multilineare Abbildung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t\colon V_{1}\times \dotsb \times V_{s}\to X}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mi>X</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t\colon V_{1}\times \dotsb \times V_{s}\to X}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/afaf4316eac4e81fbf3a635e2fa68c1e7c737217.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:20.64ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t\colon V_{1}\times \dotsb \times V_{s}\to X}" loading="lazy"></span> Bestandteil des Tensorproduktes ist.</dd></dl>
<p>Tatsächlich lässt sich für die Kategorie der Vektorräume (genauer: in der Kategorie der multilinearen Abbildungen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \psi :V_{1}\times \dotsb \times V_{s}\to [??]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ψ<!-- ψ --></mi>
<mo>:</mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mo>?</mo>
<mo>?</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \psi :V_{1}\times \dotsb \times V_{s}\to [??]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/597d0dd2574ad69e6b77499917be8e727960cd06.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:23.725ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \psi :V_{1}\times \dotsb \times V_{s}\to [??]}" loading="lazy"></span> auf vorgegebenen Vektorräumen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{i}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{i}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f300b83673e961a9d48f3862216b167f94e5668c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.155ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{i}}" loading="lazy"></span> in einen beliebigen Vektorraum) ein solches <a href="Tensorprodukt" title="Tensorprodukt">Tensorprodukt</a> konstruieren. Es ist durch die universelle Eigenschaft eindeutig bis auf Isomorphie gekennzeichnet.
</p><p>Wenn also <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X=V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>X</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X=V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5dbfef9d6f0140ab06c5e3fe303676d00f42f56f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:18.251ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X=V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s}}" loading="lazy"></span> das (bis auf Isomorphie eindeutig bestimmte) Tensorprodukt der Vektorräume <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{1},\dotsc ,V_{s}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{1},\dotsc ,V_{s}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/93647e859ced8d59468d1e3a09cf1e52d12f4460.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.946ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{1},\dotsc ,V_{s}}" loading="lazy"></span> bezeichnet, so etabliert die universelle Eigenschaft einen Isomorphismus von Vektorräumen (Beachte: Der Raum der linearen Abbildungen und der Raum der multilinearen Abbildungen sind in natürlicher Weise Vektorräume):
<span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-block"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}L(V_{1},\dotsc ,V_{s};Y)&amp;{\stackrel {\sim }{\longrightarrow }}&amp;L(X,Y)=L(V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s};Y)\\\lambda &amp;\longmapsto &amp;\lambda '{\text{ definiert durch Festlegung auf den elementaren Tensoren}}\\&amp;&amp;\lambda '\circ t(v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{s})=\lambda '(v_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{s}):=\lambda (v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{s})\\&amp;&amp;{\text{ und }}K{\text{-lineare Fortsetzung auf den gesamten (Tensor-)Raum }}X.\end{matrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>;</mo>
<mi>Y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL">
<mover>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits">
<mo stretchy="false">⟶<!-- ⟶ --></mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∼<!-- ∼ --></mo>
</mrow>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>X</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>Y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>;</mo>
<mi>Y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo stretchy="false">⟼<!-- ⟼ --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msup>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>&nbsp;definiert durch Festlegung auf den elementaren Tensoren</mtext>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd>
<msup>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo>∘<!-- ∘ --></mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>:=</mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>v</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>&nbsp;und&nbsp;</mtext>
</mrow>
<mi>K</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>-lineare Fortsetzung auf den gesamten (Tensor-)Raum&nbsp;</mtext>
</mrow>
<mi>X</mi>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}L(V_{1},\dotsc ,V_{s};Y)&amp;{\stackrel {\sim }{\longrightarrow }}&amp;L(X,Y)=L(V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s};Y)\\\lambda &amp;\longmapsto &amp;\lambda '{\text{ definiert durch Festlegung auf den elementaren Tensoren}}\\&amp;&amp;\lambda '\circ t(v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{s})=\lambda '(v_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes v_{s}):=\lambda (v_{1},\dotsc ,v_{s})\\&amp;&amp;{\text{ und }}K{\text{-lineare Fortsetzung auf den gesamten (Tensor-)Raum }}X.\end{matrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span></span>
Die Surjektivität dieser Abbildung nämlich ist gleichbedeutend mit der Existenzaussage („zu jeder multilinearen Abbildung gibt es“, vgl. zweiten Spiegelpunkt), die Injektivität hingegen mit der Eindeutigkeitsaussage („eine eindeutig bestimmte“). Da die angegebene Abbildung eine lineare Abbildung ist (Homomorphismus von Vektorräumen), ist sie ein Isomorphismus von Vektorräumen.
</p><p>Sind alle betrachteten Vektorräume endlichdimensional, so kann man demnach für den Fall <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Y=K}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>Y</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Y=K}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cf8e69782890c695f8c31b2f34deefb20c87993d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.938ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Y=K}" loading="lazy"></span> die beiden Vektorräume
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L(V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s};K)=:(V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s})^{*}\quad \mathrm {und} \quad V_{1}^{*}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s}^{*}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>L</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>;</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=:</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mspace width="1em"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mspace width="1em"></mspace>
<msubsup>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L(V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s};K)=:(V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s})^{*}\quad \mathrm {und} \quad V_{1}^{*}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s}^{*}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/621867a4ebb3586d6088a55a016bd5ea0332b1aa.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:62.314ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L(V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s};K)=:(V_{1}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s})^{*}\quad \mathrm {und} \quad V_{1}^{*}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s}^{*}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>in natürlicher Weise miteinander identifizieren, d.&nbsp;h., Elemente von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{1}^{*}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s}^{*}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∗<!-- ∗ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{1}^{*}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s}^{*}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b2e7f257a7a4be57484041cbbf004f6f24300768.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:14.346ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{1}^{*}\otimes \dotsb \otimes V_{s}^{*}}" loading="lazy"></span> entsprechen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>s</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/01d131dfd7673938b947072a13a9744fe997e632.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.09ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s}" loading="lazy"></span>-Multilinearformen auf <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{1}\times \dotsb \times V_{s}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>V</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{1}\times \dotsb \times V_{s}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a3baf4e2619d44638bba01f1c48ceb6cdc04ae07.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.819ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{1}\times \dotsb \times V_{s}.}" loading="lazy"></span>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Invarianten_von_Tensoren_1._und_2._Stufe">Invarianten von Tensoren 1. und 2. Stufe</h3></div>
<p>Als <a href="Invariante_(Mathematik)" title="Invariante (Mathematik)">Invarianten</a> eines ein- oder zweistufigen Tensors bezeichnet man Skalare, die sich unter orthogonalen Koordinatentransformationen des Tensors nicht ändern. Für Tensoren erster Stufe führt die Bildung der vom Skalarprodukt induzierten Norm zu einer Invarianten
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I_{1}=x^{j}x_{j}=x'^{j}x'_{j}}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I_{1}=x^{j}x_{j}=x'^{j}x'_{j}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e50686605ecbebde27284f056d079778bd803655.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:17.684ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I_{1}=x^{j}x_{j}=x'^{j}x'_{j}}" loading="lazy"></span>,</dd></dl>
<p>wobei hier und im Folgenden wieder die einsteinsche Summenkonvention verwendet wird. Für Tensoren zweiter Stufe im dreidimensionalen euklidischen Raum lassen sich im Allgemeinen sechs irreduzible Invarianten (das heißt Invarianten, die nicht durch andere Invarianten ausgedrückt werden können) finden:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{alignedat}{2}I_{1}&amp;=A_{ii}&amp;&amp;=\mathrm {Spur} \left(A\right)\;,\\I_{2}&amp;=A_{ij}A_{ji}&amp;&amp;=\mathrm {Spur} \left(A^{2}\right)\;,\\I_{3}&amp;=A_{ij}A_{ij}&amp;&amp;=\mathrm {Spur} \left(AA^{T}\right)\;,\\I_{4}&amp;=A_{ij}A_{jk}A_{ki}&amp;&amp;=\mathrm {Spur} \left(A^{3}\right)\;,\\I_{5}&amp;=A_{ij}A_{jk}A_{ik}&amp;&amp;=\mathrm {Spur} \left(A^{2}A^{T}\right)\;,\\I_{6}&amp;=A_{ij}A_{jk}A_{lk}A_{il}&amp;&amp;=\mathrm {Spur} \left(A^{2}\left(A^{2}\right)^{T}\right)\end{alignedat}}}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{alignedat}{2}I_{1}&amp;=A_{ii}&amp;&amp;=\mathrm {Spur} \left(A\right)\;,\\I_{2}&amp;=A_{ij}A_{ji}&amp;&amp;=\mathrm {Spur} \left(A^{2}\right)\;,\\I_{3}&amp;=A_{ij}A_{ij}&amp;&amp;=\mathrm {Spur} \left(AA^{T}\right)\;,\\I_{4}&amp;=A_{ij}A_{jk}A_{ki}&amp;&amp;=\mathrm {Spur} \left(A^{3}\right)\;,\\I_{5}&amp;=A_{ij}A_{jk}A_{ik}&amp;&amp;=\mathrm {Spur} \left(A^{2}A^{T}\right)\;,\\I_{6}&amp;=A_{ij}A_{jk}A_{lk}A_{il}&amp;&amp;=\mathrm {Spur} \left(A^{2}\left(A^{2}\right)^{T}\right)\end{alignedat}}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e19006b8950f28289d380aa99cb6b1aa222fd5e5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -10.505ex; width:39.176ex; height:22.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{alignedat}{2}I_{1}&amp;=A_{ii}&amp;&amp;=\mathrm {Spur} \left(A\right)\;,\\I_{2}&amp;=A_{ij}A_{ji}&amp;&amp;=\mathrm {Spur} \left(A^{2}\right)\;,\\I_{3}&amp;=A_{ij}A_{ij}&amp;&amp;=\mathrm {Spur} \left(AA^{T}\right)\;,\\I_{4}&amp;=A_{ij}A_{jk}A_{ki}&amp;&amp;=\mathrm {Spur} \left(A^{3}\right)\;,\\I_{5}&amp;=A_{ij}A_{jk}A_{ik}&amp;&amp;=\mathrm {Spur} \left(A^{2}A^{T}\right)\;,\\I_{6}&amp;=A_{ij}A_{jk}A_{lk}A_{il}&amp;&amp;=\mathrm {Spur} \left(A^{2}\left(A^{2}\right)^{T}\right)\end{alignedat}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Im Falle von symmetrischen Tensoren 2. Stufe (z.&nbsp;B. dem <a href="Verzerrungstensor" title="Verzerrungstensor">Verzerrungstensor</a>) fallen die Invarianten <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I_{2}=I_{3}}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I_{2}=I_{3}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/85d9a4dd4c36ee1468b6db7de6e8cfa3d5dc05e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.253ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I_{2}=I_{3}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I_{4}=I_{5}}">
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/93459641433c0c0b9e967edf59435acf0a6a7b43.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.253ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I_{4}=I_{5}}" loading="lazy"></span> zusammen. Außerdem lässt sich <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I_{6}}">
<semantics>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I_{6}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f16c22f5e2bf363944d7da266dd6769047108ccb.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.077ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I_{6}}" loading="lazy"></span> über die anderen 3&nbsp;Invarianten darstellen (ist also nicht mehr irreduzibel). Die <a href="Determinante" title="Determinante">Determinante</a> ist auch eine Invariante, sie lässt sich beispielsweise für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 3\times 3}">
<semantics>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 3\times 3}</annotation>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I_{1}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/03f18d041b2df30adef07164dbf285878893dedc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.077ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I_{1}}" loading="lazy"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I_{2}}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I_{2}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5e3506ae39df854f347365bae6f326ef4f565be5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.077ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I_{2}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I_{4}}">
<semantics>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I_{4}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1c23bfc1d965e20513c7eb2b7bfa252e1caadd43.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.077ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I_{4}}" loading="lazy"></span> darstellen als<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Det} (A)={\frac {1}{6}}I_{1}^{3}-{\frac {1}{2}}I_{1}I_{2}+{\frac {1}{3}}I_{4}.}">
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<mi>A</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<msubsup>
<mi>I</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>4</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {Det} (A)={\frac {1}{6}}I_{1}^{3}-{\frac {1}{2}}I_{1}I_{2}+{\frac {1}{3}}I_{4}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/05e860c048e6743132b4415daa4d665f4d388c27.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:31.19ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Det} (A)={\frac {1}{6}}I_{1}^{3}-{\frac {1}{2}}I_{1}I_{2}+{\frac {1}{3}}I_{4}.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Für antisymmetrische Tensoren gilt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I_{1}=0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I_{1}=0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/baf3e3cf555bed4f7cce11a56a8096c1dd02be6c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.338ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I_{1}=0}" loading="lazy"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I_{2}=-I_{3}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I_{2}=-I_{3}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/621693daae3160b6ab59f5013e08ebcd0d93e4d2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.061ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I_{2}=-I_{3}}" loading="lazy"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I_{4}=-I_{5}=0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>4</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>5</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I_{4}=-I_{5}=0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/50d934c43247da30a56032c1f5bc362bbb2ac368.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.322ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I_{4}=-I_{5}=0}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I_{6}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>6</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I_{6}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f16c22f5e2bf363944d7da266dd6769047108ccb.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.077ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I_{6}}" loading="lazy"></span> lässt sich wieder auf <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I_{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I_{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5e3506ae39df854f347365bae6f326ef4f565be5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.077ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I_{2}}" loading="lazy"></span> zurückführen.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Somit haben im dreidimensionalen euklidischen Raum symmetrische Tensoren 2.&nbsp;Stufe drei irreduzible Invarianten und antisymmetrische Tensoren 2.&nbsp;Stufe eine irreduzible Invariante.
</p>
<div class="sieheauch" role="navigation" style="font-style:italic;"><span class="sieheauch-text">Siehe auch</span>: <a href="Hauptinvariante" title="Hauptinvariante">Hauptinvariante</a></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tensorprodukte_eines_Vektorraums_und_Symmetrie">Tensorprodukte eines Vektorraums und Symmetrie</h3></div>
<p>Man kann das Tensorprodukt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {T}}^{2}V:=V\otimes V}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">T</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>:=</mo>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mi>V</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {T}}^{2}V:=V\otimes V}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/550bb0f5937c9e4f7912c53bc95a4c3462e20442.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:15.138ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {T}}^{2}V:=V\otimes V}" loading="lazy"></span> eines Vektorraumes <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>V</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/af0f6064540e84211d0ffe4dac72098adfa52845.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.787ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V}" loading="lazy"></span> mit sich selbst bilden. Ohne weiteres Wissen über den Vektorraum kann ein <a href="Automorphismus" title="Automorphismus">Automorphismus</a> des Tensorprodukts definiert werden, der darin besteht, in den reinen Produkten <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a\otimes b}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a\otimes b}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c0cbce7e62beb79e21232a469bd7dcf458c1ad7d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:5.068ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a\otimes b}" loading="lazy"></span> die Faktoren zu vertauschen:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Pi _{12}(a\otimes b):=b\otimes a}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Π<!-- Π --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>12</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>:=</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Pi _{12}(a\otimes b):=b\otimes a}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b651b4e020e0b44ee884dab61a60f82e87c0b5f8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:19.309ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Pi _{12}(a\otimes b):=b\otimes a}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Da das Quadrat dieser Abbildung die Identität ist, folgt, dass für die <a href="Eigenwerte_und_Eigenvektoren" title="Eigenwerte und Eigenvektoren">Eigenwerte</a> nur die Werte <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \pm 1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>±<!-- ± --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \pm 1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0bfeaa85da53ad1947d8000926cfea33827ef1e0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.971ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \pm 1}" loading="lazy"></span> in Frage kommen.
</p>
<ul><li>Ein <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle w\in V\otimes V}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>w</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mi>V</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle w\in V\otimes V}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/43ea2223f0d5b948508b553eb861913cfe881158.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:10.92ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle w\in V\otimes V}" loading="lazy"></span>, das <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Pi _{12}(w):=w}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Π<!-- Π --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>12</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>w</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>:=</mo>
<mi>w</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Pi _{12}(w):=w}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f532360c4b3208dcc43aa38cfa13b33991a5d124.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.502ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Pi _{12}(w):=w}" loading="lazy"></span> erfüllt, heißt <i>symmetrisch.</i> Beispiele sind die Elemente</li></ul>
<dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle w=a\odot b:={\frac {1}{2}}(a\otimes b+b\otimes a)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>w</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>⊙<!-- ⊙ --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>:=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle w=a\odot b:={\frac {1}{2}}(a\otimes b+b\otimes a)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6e3463e506e2d17c4e1cebdff6d640452da2ab1e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:30.359ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle w=a\odot b:={\frac {1}{2}}(a\otimes b+b\otimes a)}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd>
<dd>Die Menge aller symmetrischen Tensoren der Stufe 2 wird mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {S}}^{2}V=(1+\Pi _{12})(V\otimes V)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">S</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Π<!-- Π --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>12</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {S}}^{2}V=(1+\Pi _{12})(V\otimes V)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a1bcc803d773a58a4f7db197bf3614a4692595e7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:25.113ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {S}}^{2}V=(1+\Pi _{12})(V\otimes V)}" loading="lazy"></span> bezeichnet.</dd></dl></dd></dl>
<ul><li>Ein <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle w\in V\otimes V}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>w</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mi>V</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle w\in V\otimes V}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/43ea2223f0d5b948508b553eb861913cfe881158.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:10.92ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle w\in V\otimes V}" loading="lazy"></span>, das <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Pi _{12}(w):=-w}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Π<!-- Π --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>12</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>w</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>:=</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>w</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Pi _{12}(w):=-w}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1aa4c9ba2230b9776d56554b21cc8371f83fe58d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:14.31ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Pi _{12}(w):=-w}" loading="lazy"></span> erfüllt, heißt <i>antisymmetrisch</i> oder <i>alternierend.</i> Beispiele sind die Elemente</li></ul>
<dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle w=a\wedge b:={\frac {1}{2}}(a\otimes b-b\otimes a)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>w</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>∧<!-- ∧ --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>:=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle w=a\wedge b:={\frac {1}{2}}(a\otimes b-b\otimes a)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d546019fcc2290d95f234bcfddb5784e055a131a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:30.102ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle w=a\wedge b:={\frac {1}{2}}(a\otimes b-b\otimes a)}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd>
<dd>Die Menge aller antisymmetrischen Tensoren der Stufe 2 wird mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Lambda ^{2}V:=(1-\Pi _{12})(V\otimes V)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Λ<!-- Λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>:=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Π<!-- Π --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>12</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Lambda ^{2}V:=(1-\Pi _{12})(V\otimes V)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/994f9f6f3043aee4fafc5ce374a273c71f9d3a04.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:25.855ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Lambda ^{2}V:=(1-\Pi _{12})(V\otimes V)}" loading="lazy"></span> bezeichnet.</dd></dl></dd></dl>
<p>Mittels <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {T}}^{n+1}V:=V\otimes {\mathcal {T}}^{n}V}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">T</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>:=</mo>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>⊗<!-- ⊗ --></mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">T</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>V</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathcal {T}}^{n+1}V:=V\otimes {\mathcal {T}}^{n}V}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/40dc8c1f4b95b5e20e0ae46d8d39a0588992862d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:20.758ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathcal {T}}^{n+1}V:=V\otimes {\mathcal {T}}^{n}V}" loading="lazy"></span> können Tensorpotenzen von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>V</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/af0f6064540e84211d0ffe4dac72098adfa52845.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.787ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V}" loading="lazy"></span> beliebiger Stufe gebildet werden. Entsprechend können weitere paarweise Vertauschungen definiert werden. Nur sind diese nicht mehr voneinander unabhängig. So lässt sich jede Vertauschung der Stellen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle j}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>j</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle j}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2f461e54f5c093e92a55547b9764291390f0b5d0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.027ex; width:0.985ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle j}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3c9a2c7b599b37105512c5d570edc034056dd40.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.211ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k}" loading="lazy"></span> auf Vertauschungen mit der ersten Stelle zurückführen:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Pi _{jk}=\Pi _{1j}\circ \Pi _{1k}\circ \Pi _{1j}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Π<!-- Π --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Π<!-- Π --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>∘<!-- ∘ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Π<!-- Π --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>∘<!-- ∘ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Π<!-- Π --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Pi _{jk}=\Pi _{1j}\circ \Pi _{1k}\circ \Pi _{1j}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c98f7e0f98ed7a6c670d0dcf026c142836e87532.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:21.601ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Pi _{jk}=\Pi _{1j}\circ \Pi _{1k}\circ \Pi _{1j}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Injektives_und_projektives_Tensorprodukt">Injektives und projektives Tensorprodukt</h3></div>
<div class="hauptartikel" role="navigation"><span class="hauptartikel-pfeil" title="siehe" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation">→&nbsp;</span><i><span class="hauptartikel-text">Hauptartikel</span>: <a href="Injektives_Tensorprodukt" title="Injektives Tensorprodukt">Injektives Tensorprodukt</a> und <a href="Projektives_Tensorprodukt" title="Projektives Tensorprodukt">Projektives Tensorprodukt</a></i></div>
<p>Falls die Vektorräume, die man miteinander tensorieren will, eine <a href="Topologie_(Mathematik)" title="Topologie (Mathematik)">Topologie</a> besitzen, so ist es wünschenswert, dass ihr Tensorprodukt ebenfalls eine Topologie besitzt. Es gibt natürlich viele Möglichkeiten, eine solche Topologie zu definieren. Das injektive beziehungsweise das projektive Tensorprodukt sind dafür jedoch eine natürliche Wahl.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tensoranalysis">Tensoranalysis</h2></div>
<div class="hauptartikel" role="navigation"><span class="hauptartikel-pfeil" title="siehe" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation">→&nbsp;</span><i><span class="hauptartikel-text">Hauptartikel</span>: <a href="Tensoranalysis" title="Tensoranalysis">Tensoranalysis</a></i></div>
<p>Ursprünglich wurde der Tensorkalkül nicht in dem modernen hier vorgestellten algebraischen Konzept untersucht, sondern entstand aus Überlegungen zur Differentialgeometrie. Insbesondere <a href="Gregorio_Ricci-Curbastro" title="Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro">Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro</a> und sein Schüler <a href="Tullio_Levi-Civita" title="Tullio Levi-Civita">Tullio Levi-Civita</a> haben ihn entwickelt. Man nennt den Tensorkalkül daher auch Ricci-Kalkül. <a href="Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> griff den <a href="Kalk%C3%BCl" title="Kalkül">Kalkül</a> in seiner <a href="Relativit%C3%A4tstheorie" title="Relativitätstheorie">Relativitätstheorie</a> auf, was diesem große Bekanntheit in der Fachwelt einbrachte. Die damaligen Tensoren werden heute als <a href="Tensorfeld" title="Tensorfeld">Tensorfelder</a> bezeichnet und spielen in der Differentialgeometrie auch heute noch eine wichtige Rolle. Im Gegensatz zu Tensoren sind Tensorfelder differenzierbare Abbildungen, die jedem Punkt des zugrundeliegenden (oft gekrümmten) Raums einen Tensor zuordnen.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siehe_auch">Siehe auch</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Formelsammlung_Tensoralgebra" title="Formelsammlung Tensoralgebra">Formelsammlung Tensoralgebra</a></li>
<li><a href="Formelsammlung_Tensoranalysis" title="Formelsammlung Tensoranalysis">Formelsammlung Tensoranalysis</a></li></ul>
<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><span class="noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wiktionary"></span></span></span><b><a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Tensor" class="extiw external" title="wikt:Tensor">Wiktionary: Tensor</a></b>&nbsp;– Bedeutungserklärungen, Wortherkunft, Synonyme, Übersetzungen</div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Adalbert_Duschek" title="Adalbert Duschek">Adalbert Duschek</a>, August Hochrainer: <cite style="font-style:italic">Grundzüge der Tensorrechnung in analytischer Darstellung: I. Teil: Tensoralgebra</cite>. Vierte ergänzte Auflage. Springer-Verlag, Wien 1960 (V, 171 S., Erstausgabe: 1946).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Tensor&amp;rft.au=Adalbert+Duschek%2C+August+Hochrainer&amp;rft.btitle=Grundz%C3%BCge+der+Tensorrechnung+in+analytischer+Darstellung%3A+I.+Teil%3A+Tensoralgebra&amp;rft.date=1960&amp;rft.edition=Vierte+erg%C3%A4nzte&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.place=Wien&amp;rft.pub=Springer-Verlag" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></li></ul>
<ul><li>Adalbert Duschek, August Hochrainer: <cite style="font-style:italic">Grundzüge der Tensorrechnung in analytischer Darstellung: II. Teil: Tensoranalysis</cite>. Zweite ergänzte Auflage. Springer-Verlag, Wien 1961 (VI, 334 S., Erstausgabe: 1950).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Tensor&amp;rft.au=Adalbert+Duschek%2C+August+Hochrainer&amp;rft.btitle=Grundz%C3%BCge+der+Tensorrechnung+in+analytischer+Darstellung%3A+II.+Teil%3A+Tensoranalysis&amp;rft.date=1961&amp;rft.edition=Zweite+erg%C3%A4nzte&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.place=Wien&amp;rft.pub=Springer-Verlag" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></li></ul>
<ul><li>Adalbert Duschek, August Hochrainer: <cite style="font-style:italic">Grundzüge der Tensorrechnung in analytischer Darstellung: III. Teil: Anwendungen in Physik und Technik</cite>. Erste Auflage. Springer-Verlag, Wien 1955 (VI, 250 S.).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Tensor&amp;rft.au=Adalbert+Duschek%2C+August+Hochrainer&amp;rft.btitle=Grundz%C3%BCge+der+Tensorrechnung+in+analytischer+Darstellung%3A+III.+Teil%3A+Anwendungen+in+Physik+und+Technik&amp;rft.date=1955&amp;rft.edition=Erste&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.place=Wien&amp;rft.pub=Springer-Verlag" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></li></ul>
<ul><li>Adalbert Duschek: <i>Der Tensorbegriff und seine Bedeutung für die Physik.</i> Teil 1, 2, 3, Physikalische Blätter 1954, 1955:
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/phbl.19540100902/abstract">Teil 1, Geometrische Grundlagen</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/phbl.19540101002/abstract">Teil 2, Tensoralgebra</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/phbl.19550110502/abstract">Teil 3, Tensoranalysis</a></li></ul></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="Andr%C3%A9_Lichnerowicz" title="André Lichnerowicz">André Lichnerowicz</a>: <i>Einführung in die Tensoranalysis</i> (= <i>BI Hochschultaschenbuch.</i> 77). Bibliographisches Institut, Mannheim u.&nbsp;a. 1966.</li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="Horst_Teichmann" title="Horst Teichmann">Horst Teichmann</a>: <i>Physikalische Anwendungen der Vektor- und Tensorrechnung</i> (= <i>BI-Hochschultaschenbücher.</i> 39). 3. Auflage. <a href="Bibliographisches_Institut" title="Bibliographisches Institut">Bibliographisches Institut</a>, Mannheim u.&nbsp;a. 1973, ISBN 3-411-00039-2.</li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="Horst_Lippmann_(Mathematiker)" title="Horst Lippmann (Mathematiker)">Horst Lippmann</a>: <i>Angewandte Tensorrechnung.</i> Springer 1993.</li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="Karin_Reich" title="Karin Reich">Karin Reich</a>: <i>Die Entwicklung des Tensorkalküls. Vom absoluten Differentialkalkül zur Relativitätstheorie.</i> Birkhäuser 1994 (zur Geschichte).</li></ul>
<ul><li>Theodore Frankel: <i>The Geometry of Physics. An Introduction.</i> Cambridge University Press, Cambridge u.&nbsp;a. 1997, ISBN 0-521-38334-X.</li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="Ralph_Abraham_(Mathematiker)" title="Ralph Abraham (Mathematiker)">Ralph Abraham</a>, <a href="Jerrold_E._Marsden" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerrold E. Marsden">Jerrold E. Marsden</a>, T. Ratiu: <i>Manifolds, tensor analysis, and applications</i> (= <i>Applied mathematical sciences.</i> 75). 2. Auflage. Springer, New York NY u.&nbsp;a. 1998, ISBN 0-387-96790-7.</li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="Theodor_Br%C3%B6cker" title="Theodor Bröcker">Theodor Bröcker</a>: <i>Lineare Algebra und Analytische Geometrie.</i> Birkhäuser, Basel 2004, ISBN 3-7643-2178-4, Kap. VII: Tensorrechnung.</li></ul>
<ul><li>Mikhail Itskov: <i>Tensor algebra and tensor analysis for engineers.</i> 3. Auflage. Springer, Heidelberg u.&nbsp;a. 2013, ISBN 978-3-642-30878-9.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li>Georg Bernhardt: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thaleskreis.de/materialien/tensoren.pdf"><i>Über Tensoren, Matrizen und Pseudovektoren.</i></a> PDF, deutsch, 340&nbsp;kB.</li>
<li>Joseph C. Kolecki: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/Numbers/Math/documents/Tensors_TM2002211716.pdf"><i>An Introduction to Tensors for Students of Physics and Engineering.</i></a> Einführung in die Tensorrechnung für Studenten, PDF, englisch, 328&nbsp;kB, <a href="NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>-Publikation.</li>
<li><i><a href="https://de.wikibooks.org/wiki/Einf%C3%BChrung_in_die_Tensorrechnung" class="extiw external" title="b:Einführung in die Tensorrechnung">Einführung in die Tensorrechnung.</a> (Wikibooks)</i></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ein <i>elementarer</i> Tensor (oder <i>einfacher</i> Tensor) bildet auf einen Zahlenwert (Skalar) ab.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Woldemar Voigt: <cite style="font-style:italic">Die fundamentalen physikalischen Eigenschaften der Krystalle in elementarer Darstellung</cite>. Verlag von Veit &amp; Comp., Leipzig 1898 (VIII, 243 S., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=JpenEAAAQBAJ">eingeschränkte Vorschau</a> in der Google-Buchsuche).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Tensor&amp;rft.au=Woldemar+Voigt&amp;rft.btitle=Die+fundamentalen+physikalischen+Eigenschaften+der+Krystalle+in+elementarer+Darstellung&amp;rft.date=1898&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.place=Leipzig&amp;rft.pub=Verlag+von+Veit+%26+Comp." style="display:none">&nbsp;</span> Reprint 2021: de Gruyter, Berlin ISBN 978-3-11-243943-2. Voigt schreibt auf S. IV: „<i>Ich habe deshalb, ebenso wie es die Bezeichnung „Vector“ thut, an einen speciellen und charakteristischen Vorgang angeknüpft und für jene zweiseitigen gerichteten Grössen den Namen <b>„Tensoren“</b> in Vorschlag gebracht.</i>“</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. M. G. Ricci, T. Levi-Civita: <i>Méthodes de calcul différentiel absolu et leurs applications.</i> In: <i>Mathematische Annalen.</i> 54, 1901, <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220025-5831%22&amp;key=cql">0025-5831</a></span></span>, S.&nbsp;125–201, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digizeitschriften.de/dms/img/?PPN=PPN235181684_0054&amp;DMDID=dmdlog11">online.</a></i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">John M. Lee: <i>Introduction to Smooth Manifolds</i> (= <i>Graduate Texts in Mathematics</i> 218). Springer-Verlag, New York NY u.&nbsp;a. 2003, ISBN 0-387-95448-1, S.&nbsp;172–179.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Abraham, <a href="Jerrold_Marsden" title="Jerrold Marsden">Jerrold E. Marsden</a>, T. Ratiu: <i>Manifolds, tensor analysis, and applications</i> (= <i>Applied mathematical sciences</i> 75). 2. Auflage. Springer, New York NY u.&nbsp;a. 1988, ISBN 0-387-96790-7, S.&nbsp;338–339.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">Kerstin Weinberg: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107055217/http://www.mb.uni-siegen.de/fkm/lehre/konti2012_files/skript1-3.pdf"><i>Vorlesungsskript. Tensoralgebra und -Analysis.</i></a> (PDF; 235&nbsp;kB) <a href="Universit%C3%A4t_Siegen" title="Universität Siegen">Universität Siegen</a>, 24.&nbsp;Oktober 2012,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 27.&nbsp;November 2020</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ATensor&amp;rft.title=Vorlesungsskript.+Tensoralgebra+und+-Analysis&amp;rft.description=Vorlesungsskript.+Tensoralgebra+und+-Analysis&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20171107055217%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.mb.uni-siegen.de%2Ffkm%2Flehre%2Fkonti2012_files%2Fskript1-3.pdf&amp;rft.creator=Kerstin+Weinberg&amp;rft.publisher=%5B%5BUniversit%C3%A4t+Siegen%5D%5D&amp;rft.date=2012-10-24">&nbsp;</span> Archivlink abgerufen am 5. Dezember 2024</span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Heinz Schade, Klaus Neemann: <cite style="font-style:italic">Tensoranalysis</cite>. 2. überarbeitete Auflage. de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2006, ISBN 3-11-018943-7, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>277<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>ff</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Tensor&amp;rft.au=Heinz+Schade%2C+Klaus+Neemann&amp;rft.btitle=Tensoranalysis&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.edition=2.+%C3%BCberarbeitete&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=3110189437&amp;rft.pages=277+ff.&amp;rft.place=Berlin+%2F+New+York&amp;rft.pub=de+Gruyter" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
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